UPSC Prelims 2020 CSAT Paper II · Q48 of 80 Logical Reasoning medium

The letters from A to Z are numbered from 1 to 26 respectively. If GHI = 1578 and DEF = 912, then what is ABC equal to?

  1. (a) 492
  2. (b) 468
  3. (c) 262
  4. (d) 246 ✓ UPSC's answer

Why the answer is (d)

• The problem states that letters A to Z are numbered 1 to 26, but the examples GHI = 1578 and DEF = 912 contradict this direct mapping (G=7, H=8, I=9 would be 789, not 1578).", "- Analyzing the pattern in GHI = 1578: G is the 7th letter, H is 8th, I is 9th. The number 1578 is formed by concatenating the position of the first letter (7) with the sum of the positions of the next two letters (8+9=17)? No, 7 and 17 makes 717. Let's look closer. 1578. G=7, H=8, I=9. 7+8=15, 8+9=17? No. Let's try: (G+H) = 15, (H+I) = 17? No, 1578. Maybe (G+H) = 15 and (H+I) = 17? 15 and 17 -> 1517. Not 1578. Let's re-read the options and the key. Key is 246. ABC. A=1, B=2, C=3. If the pattern is simply the positions, ABC=123. Not an option. If the pattern is sums: A+B=3, B+C=5 -> 35. Not an option. Let's look at DEF=912. D=4, E=5, F=6. 4+5=9, 5+6=11? No, 912. 4+5=9, 6? No. 4+5=9, 5+6=11. 911? No. Let's look at GHI=1578. G=7, H=8, I=9. 7+8=15. 8+9=17. 1517? No. 7*8=56? No. Let's look at the digits. 1, 5, 7, 8. G=7, H=8, I=9. 15 is 7+8. 78 is... H and I? 8 and 9? No, 78. So GHI = (G+H) concatenated with (H-1? No). Let's try: First two digits = Sum of first two letters. Last two digits = ? GHI: 7+8=15. Last two digits 78. H=8, I=9. 78 is not 89. 78 is G and H? 7 and 8. So GHI = (G+H) followed by (G and H)? 15 and 78. Yes. G=7, H=8. G+H=15. G=7, H=8. So 1578. Let's check DEF. D=4, E=5. D+E=9. D=4, E=5. So 945? But the value is 912. This hypothesis fails. Let's try another. GHI=1578. G=7, H=8, I=9. 15 = 7+8. 78 = ? 7*11? No. 1578 / 2 = 789. Ah! 789 is G, H, I. So GHI = 2 * (Position of G concatenated with Position of H concatenated with Position of I). 2 * 789 = 1578. Let's check DEF. D=4, E=5, F=6. Concatenation is 456. 2 * 456 = 912. This matches perfectly. So the rule is: Concatenate the position numbers of the three letters, then multiply by 2. For ABC: A=1, B=2, C=3. Concatenation is 123. 123 * 2 = 246. This matches option (d).", "- Step 1: Identify the position of each letter in the alphabet: A=1, B=2, C=3, D=4, E=5, F=6, G=7, H=8, I=9.", "- Step 2: Verify the pattern with GHI. Positions are 7, 8, 9. Concatenating them gives 789. Multiplying by 2 gives 1578, which matches the given value.", "- Step 3: Verify the pattern with DEF. Positions are 4, 5, 6. Concatenating them gives 456. Multiplying by 2 gives 912, which matches the given value.", "- Step 4: Apply the pattern to ABC. Positions are 1, 2, 3. Concatenating them gives 123.", "- Step 5: Multiply 123 by 2 to get 246, which corresponds to option (d).", "- Therefore, the correct answer is 246.

Why the other options are wrong

(a) 492
492 is incorrect because it does not result from the established pattern of concatenating letter positions and multiplying by 2.
(b) 468
468 is incorrect because it does not result from the established pattern of concatenating letter positions and multiplying by 2.
(c) 262
262 is incorrect because it does not result from the established pattern of concatenating letter positions and multiplying by 2.

Asked in the CSAT Paper II of the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination 2020, held on 4 October 2020. Question and answer key: Union Public Service Commission. Explanation: UPSC Answer Check.

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