421 and 427, when divided by the same number, leave the same remainder 1. How many numbers can be used as the divisor in order to get the same remainder 1?
- (a) 1
- (b) 2
- (c) 3 ✓ UPSC's answer
- (d) 4
Why the answer is (c)
• If 421 and 427 leave a remainder of 1 when divided by a number $d$, then $d$ must divide $(421 - 1)$ and $(427 - 1)$.
• This simplifies to finding the common divisors of 420 and 426.
• The difference between the two numbers is $427 - 421 = 6$, so $d$ must be a divisor of 6.
• The divisors of 6 are 1, 2, 3, and 6.
• We must check which of these divisors actually produce a remainder of 1 for both numbers.
• Divisor 1: Remainder is always 0, so it is invalid.
• Divisor 2: $421 \div 2$ gives remainder 1; $427 \div 2$ gives remainder 1. Valid.
• Divisor 3: $421 \div 3$ gives remainder 1 ($4+2+1=7$, $7 \div 3$ rem 1); $427 \div 3$ gives remainder 1 ($4+2+7=13$, $13 \div 3$ rem 1). Valid.
• Divisor 6: $421 \div 6$ gives remainder 1 ($420$ is divisible by 6); $427 \div 6$ gives remainder 1 ($426$ is divisible by 6). Valid.
• Thus, the valid divisors are 2, 3, and 6, making a total of 3 numbers.
Why the other options are wrong
- (a) 1
- There are three valid divisors (2, 3, and 6), not just one.
- (b) 2
- There are three valid divisors (2, 3, and 6), not just two.
- (d) 4
- The divisor 1 is invalid because it leaves a remainder of 0, not 1, so there are only three valid divisors.
Asked in the CSAT Paper II of the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination 2024, held on 16 June 2024. Question and answer key: Union Public Service Commission. Explanation: UPSC Answer Check.