The term 'Intended Nationally Determined Contributions' is sometimes seen in the news in the context of

(a) pledges made by the European countries to rehabilitate refugees from the war-affected Middle East
(b) plan of action outlined by the countries of the world to combat climate change ✓ UPSC's answer
(c) capital contributed by the member countries in the establishment of Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
(d) plan of action outlined by the countries of the world regarding Sustainable Development Goals

Why the answer is (b)

• Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) were the climate action plans each country submitted ahead of the Paris Agreement (COP21, 2015), setting out emission targets and adaptation measures — option (b).

• On ratification they became NDCs; India pledged 33–35% emission-intensity reduction and 40% non-fossil power capacity by 2030 (later raised).

• They are unrelated to refugees (a), AIIB capital (c) or SDGs (d).

• Hence option (b).

Why the other options are wrong

(a) pledges made by the European countries to rehabilitate refugees from the war-affected…: INDCs are not refugee pledges.
(c) capital contributed by the member countries in the establishment of Asian Infrastructure…: INDCs are not AIIB capital contributions.
(d) plan of action outlined by the countries of the world regarding Sustainable Development…: INDCs concern climate, not the SDGs.

Asked in the GS Paper I of the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination 2016, held on 7 August 2016. Question and answer key: Union Public Service Commission. Explanation: UPSC Answer Check.