Daily current affairs · Sun, 1 Nov, 2026

Today's 21

What mattered in the last day or two — from PIB, The Hindu and The Indian Express, written in our own words. Read these, then take the 21 MCQs →

  1. 1. PM congratulates ISRO on GSLV-F18 launch of NVS-03 for NavIC

    PM Modi praised ISRO after GSLV-F18 successfully launched the NVS-03 navigation satellite, a step toward strengthening India's indigenous NavIC system and self-reliance in critical technology.

    • GSLV-F18 successfully launched the NVS-03 satellite, per the PM's message of 31 October 2026.
    • NVS-03 is meant to strengthen NavIC, India's indigenous satellite navigation system.
    • The satellite is described as having enhanced capabilities over earlier navigation satellites.
    • The PM linked the mission to self-reliance in critical technologies and better navigation services for citizens.
    Key terms
    NavIC
    — India's indigenous regional satellite navigation system, giving positioning and timing services.
    GSLV
    — Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle, ISRO's rocket for placing heavier satellites in high orbits.
    NVS-03
    — A navigation satellite with enhanced capabilities, launched to strengthen the NavIC constellation.
  2. 2. First BIMSTEC Maritime Security Exercise Begins, Andaman and Nicobar Command in Focus

    Seven BIMSTEC nations are taking part in the first-ever joint maritime security exercise (30 Oct–3 Nov 2026), aimed at building trust and operational links in the Bay of Bengal.

    • Inaugural BIMSTEC Maritime Security Exercise runs 30 October to 3 November 2026.
    • Participants: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand, i.e. all seven members.
    • It follows the 6th BIMSTEC Summit, themed 'BIMSTEC: Prosperous, Resilient and Open'.
    • Stated aims: interoperability, maritime domain awareness, better coordination mechanisms and sharing of best practices.
    • The Andaman and Nicobar Command (ANC), India's first integrated tri-service command, is highlighted as a pillar of Bay of Bengal security.
    Key terms
    BIMSTEC
    — Regional grouping of seven Bay of Bengal littoral and adjacent states: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand.
    Andaman and Nicobar Command (ANC)
    — India's first integrated tri-service command, located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
    Maritime domain awareness
    — Understanding of activity at sea that could affect security, safety or the economy.
    Interoperability
    — Ability of different forces to operate and communicate together effectively.
    Sea lanes of communication
    — Major maritime routes used for trade and naval movement.
  3. 3. India's Social Security Coverage: EPFO Expansion and Reforms

    PIB backgrounder shows social protection coverage rising from 19% (2015) to 68.4% (2026), with EPFO's wage ceiling raised to ₹25,000 and withdrawal rules simplified under the Social Security Code, 2020.

    • EPFO is a statutory body under the Ministry of Labour and Employment; it runs three schemes: EPF 2026 (savings), EPS 2026 (pension) and EDLI 2026 (insurance).
    • New 2026 schemes under the Social Security Code, 2020 replaced the EPS 1995 and EDLI 1976; EDLI gives insurance cover up to ₹7 lakh with no separate premium.
    • Wage ceiling for mandatory EPFO coverage was raised from ₹15,000 to ₹25,000 per month in September 2026 (earlier ₹6,500 to ₹15,000 in September 2014), bringing over 51 lakh more employees in.
    • Contributing members rose from 3.49 crore (2014-15) to about 7.98 crore; pensioners rose from 51.04 lakh to about 82 lakh.
    • Thirteen partial-withdrawal provisions were merged into three categories: Essential Needs, Housing Needs and Special Circumstances.
    Key terms
    EPFO
    — Statutory body under the Labour Ministry administering provident fund, pension and insurance schemes for eligible workers.
    Wage ceiling
    — Monthly wage limit up to which EPFO coverage is mandatory for employees.
    EDLI
    — Employees' Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme; insurance cover to EPF members on death in service, with no separate premium.
    Social Security Code, 2020
    — Law consolidating earlier social security legislation, under which the new EPF, EPS and EDLI schemes were framed.
    e-Shram
    — Initiative for unorganised workers, mentioned as extending social protection beyond EPFO.
  4. 4. India's first private fusion firm Pranos builds tokamak PRAGYA

    Bengaluru startup Pranos Fusion has built a small tokamak, PRAGYA, to test plasma control and HTS magnets, aiming to finalise the blueprint of a larger reactor, PRANIK, by 2027.

    • Pranos Fusion (Bengaluru) is incubated at the Institute of Plasma Research (IPR, under the Department of Atomic Energy) and has raised $7.2 million.
    • PRAGYA is a small tokamak for testing plasma control and superconducting magnets; PRANIK is the larger planned reactor, with its design due to be finalised by 2027.
    • Fusion usually joins deuterium and tritium into helium and a fast neutron, and needs fuel at about 100 million °C.
    • ITER in southern France (China, EU, India, Japan, Russia, South Korea, US): a 2024 revision moved research operations to 2034 and full deuterium-tritium operation to 2039, adding about €5 billion.
    • IPR runs India's tokamaks ADITYA and SST-1 and is the domestic nodal agency for India's ITER contributions.
    Key terms
    Tokamak
    — A doughnut-shaped device that uses powerful magnetic fields to confine hot plasma so fusion can occur.
    Nuclear fusion
    — Release of energy when light nuclei such as deuterium and tritium merge into helium and a fast neutron.
    HTS magnets
    — Electromagnets made from high-temperature superconductors that carry current with no resistance below a critical temperature.
    Plasma
    — A superheated ionised state of matter in which fusion fuel is held and heated.
    ITER
    — International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, the largest tokamak under construction, in southern France, designed to produce about 10 times the heating power fed into its plasma.
  5. 5. The science of Gaganyaan parachutes: how re-entry capsules slow down

    A Hindu explainer says a returning spacecraft first loses most speed through atmospheric drag, then needs parachutes in the final phase for a gentle landing on land or sea. This is the key technology for the safe return of Gaganyaan crew.

    • A spacecraft re-entering the atmosphere relies chiefly on atmospheric drag (aerobraking) to shed much of its velocity.
    • In the terminal phase, extra decelerating systems such as parachutes are activated to bring speed down to acceptable limits.
    • The aim is a gentle touchdown, on land or in the sea.
    • The article is a Hindu explainer on the parachute system for Gaganyaan, India's human spaceflight programme.
    Key terms
    Aerobraking
    — Using atmospheric drag to slow a spacecraft as it enters the atmosphere.
    Atmospheric drag
    — Resistance of air that reduces a moving body's velocity.
    Terminal phase
    — The final stage of descent before touchdown, when parachutes slow the vehicle.
    Gaganyaan
    — India's human spaceflight programme, requiring safe crew return.
  6. 6. Why India's two-tier drug-pricing system leaves patients exposed to high costs

    The Supreme Court questioned the Centre over huge gaps between MRP and retailer purchase prices, while the NPPA capped trade margins on 137 non-scheduled anti-cancer drugs; the case shows how price control covers only a small slice of the…

    • Supreme Court (Kishan Chand Jain v. EMRB) asked the Centre on October 27 why it cannot control prices of the whole range of medicines, and reserved its order.
    • Only Schedule I medicines under the Drugs (Prices Control) Order, 2013 (based on the NLEM) have ceiling prices fixed by the NPPA; for non-scheduled drugs manufacturers generally set the MRP.
    • The 2022 NLEM covers 384 medicines (63 anti-cancer), only about 20% of drug market turnover.
    • NPPA capped the trade margin at 30% on 137 non-scheduled anti-cancer drugs; revised prices apply from November 9, 2026, based on March 2026 stockist prices.
    • Non-scheduled drug prices can rise at most 10% a year, which does not curb an inflated starting price.
    Key terms
    DPCO, 2013
    — Order governing pricing of medicines, dividing them into scheduled (price-ceiling) and non-scheduled formulations.
    NLEM
    — National List of Essential Medicines prepared under the Health Ministry; basis of Schedule I of the DPCO.
    NPPA
    — National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority, which fixes ceiling prices and can cap trade margins.
    Trade margin
    — Difference between the price a retailer pays and the selling price, here capped at 30% of final price.
    Out-of-pocket expenditure
    — Share of healthcare costs paid directly by households rather than by insurance or government schemes.
  7. 7. CAQM team reviews paddy straw management in Sangrur, Patiala, Malerkotla

    A CAQM team inspected stubble-burning prevention and straw management in three Punjab districts, visiting ex-situ and in-situ sites and telling officials that action on the ground must match their commitments.

    • The team was led by Dr. S.D. Attri, Member Technical, CAQM, and met district officials, PPCB, the Agriculture Department and CPCB flying squads at Sangrur on 31.10.2026.
    • A duplex board/paper unit at Malerkotla burns paddy straw in a 20 TPH boiler and expects to use about 17,000 MT of straw each year.
    • In-situ management was demonstrated using CRM machinery, including a super seeder, at Ahmadabad village in Malerkotla.
    • A paddy straw pelletizing unit at Nadampur, Bhawanigarh, makes biomass pellets used as fuel in thermal power plants.
    • Gharachon village in Sangrur was identified as a stubble-burning hotspot, and farmers there raised difficulties in using CRM machinery.
    Key terms
    CAQM
    — Commission for Air Quality Management in NCR and Adjoining Areas, the statutory body that coordinates and enforces air-quality measures in the region.
    In-situ management
    — Handling crop residue in the field itself, for example by incorporating it into the soil with machinery.
    Ex-situ management
    — Removing crop residue from the field for use elsewhere, such as fuel in boilers or biomass pellets.
    Crop Residue Management (CRM) machinery
    — Equipment such as the super seeder that lets farmers manage straw without burning it.
    Biomass pellets
    — Compressed fuel made from agricultural residue, used in thermal power plants and industrial boilers.
  8. 8. National Workshop on People's Plan Campaign 2026-27 for Atmanirbhar Panchayats

    At a Delhi workshop, the Panchayati Raj Ministry stressed participatory planning, own-source revenue and scheme convergence under the newly approved PM VGSY, and signed an MoU with CESL for EV charging on Panchayat land.

    • The National Workshop on People's Plan Campaign (PPC) 2026-27 was held on 30 October 2026 in New Delhi with over 400 participants; PPC itself was launched on 2 October 2026.
    • The Union Cabinet has approved the Pradhan Mantri Viksit Gram Swaraj Yojana (PM VGSY), a governance initiative tied to the Viksit Bharat vision.
    • The Ministry signed an MoU with Convergence Energy Services Limited (CESL), a subsidiary of EESL under the Ministry of Power, for EV charging and battery swapping stations on Panchayat land.
    • The Sixteenth Finance Commission (award period 2026-31) recommended Rs 4,35,236 crore in grants for Panchayati Raj Institutions/rural local bodies in 28 States.
    • PPC has run since 2018 under the theme 'Sabki Yojana, Sabka Vikas'; the PPC 2026-27 booklet was released in English and Hindi.
    Key terms
    People's Plan Campaign (PPC)
    — An annual Panchayati Raj Ministry campaign, running since 2018, for participatory preparation of local development plans.
    Gram Panchayat Development Plan (GPDP)
    — A comprehensive plan prepared by a Gram Panchayat through the Gram Sabha, based on local needs and resources.
    Own Source Revenue (OSR)
    — Revenue a Panchayat raises itself, for example through taxes and user charges, rather than receiving as transfers.
    Jan Bhagidari
    — Public participation in governance and planning.
    Tied grants
    — Finance Commission grants earmarked for specific purposes such as water supply and sanitation.
  9. 9. DoLR Secretary reviews WDC-PMKSY 2.0 watershed works in Pune's Khed

    The DoLR Secretary inspected ridge-to-valley watershed structures in Khed (Pune) and pressed for quick completion of drought-proofing works in Maharashtra, citing El Nino conditions and community upkeep of assets.

    • Watershed Development Component of PMKSY 2.0 (WDC-PMKSY 2.0) is implemented by the Department of Land Resources, Ministry of Rural Development.
    • Villages visited: Varude, Gulani and Wafgaon in Khed, Pune; the Khed Project covers 11 villages.
    • Structures seen: Continuous Contour Trenches, earthen and cement nala bunds, Kolhapuri-type weirs, farm ponds and storage ponds.
    • 76 talukas under the scheme fall among Maharashtra's 304 drought-affected talukas, and these were flagged for faster work.
    • Hiware Bazar was cited as the model for turning villages water-secure and self-reliant.
    Key terms
    Ridge-to-valley approach
    — Treating a watershed from the high ridge down to the valley so rain is held where it falls and runoff is cut.
    Continuous Contour Trench (CCT)
    — Trenches dug along the contour on slopes to trap runoff, conserve soil moisture and aid recharge.
    Nala bund
    — A small earthen or cement barrier across a stream (nala) to store water and recharge groundwater.
    Kolhapuri-type weir
    — A weir-type water storage structure across a stream, used in Maharashtra for storage and irrigation.
    Protective irrigation
    — Limited irrigation given to save crops during dry spells or drought.
  10. 10. Customs duty exemption on cotton imports extended to December 2026

    The Centre has extended the customs duty exemption on cotton imports by two months, to 31 December 2026, to ease raw material supply for the textile industry while keeping farmers' interests in view.

    • Exemption extended from 31 October 2026 to 31 December 2026, a two-month extension.
    • Notified by the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance, via Notification No. 35/2026-Customs dated 30 October 2026.
    • Aims to improve cotton availability at competitive prices for the domestic textile and apparel sector.
    • Expected to ease input costs and support MSMEs in the cotton-based value chain.
    • The Ministry of Textiles welcomed the decision.
    Key terms
    Customs duty exemption
    — A notified waiver of import duty on specified goods, here cotton, to reduce their landed cost.
    Value chain
    — The linked stages from raw cotton through yarn, fabric and garments to final sale.
    MSMEs
    — Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, which are numerous in textiles and sensitive to input cost changes.
    Department of Revenue
    — The wing of the Finance Ministry that issues customs notifications.
  11. 11. Towards recognising women farmers: Maharashtra's landmark Bill

    Maharashtra's Women Farmers' Empowerment Bill, passed in July 2026, recognises women as farmers regardless of land ownership, giving legal force to a long-pending activity-based definition of 'farmer'.

    • Maharashtra passed the Women Farmers' Empowerment Bill in July 2026.
    • It grants women independent recognition as farmers, irrespective of land ownership, through a Woman Farmer Certificate.
    • It is the first State law to give enforceable form to the activity-based, land-delinked definition of 'farmer' in the National Policy for Farmers, 2007.
    • A comparable national bill, introduced in the Rajya Sabha in 2011, lapsed.
    • The Bill follows about three decades of women farmers' movements backed by civil society groups.
    Key terms
    Woman Farmer Certificate
    — Document under the Maharashtra Bill that recognises a woman as a farmer independent of land ownership.
    Activity-based, land-delinked definition of farmer
    — Defines a farmer by the farming work done, not by holding land title.
    National Policy for Farmers, 2007
    — Policy that set out the broader, activity-based idea of a farmer but was never given legal effect.
    Lapsed bill
    — A bill that expires without passage, as the 2011 Rajya Sabha bill did.
  12. 12. First import container arrives at Vizhinjam port

    The first import consignment since full EXIM operations began in August reached Vizhinjam International Seaport, letting Kerala's businesses clear cargo locally instead of via distant ports.

    • The first import container reached Vizhinjam International Seaport aboard the vessel MSC Sabrina III.
    • The container was booked from Ningbo, China, and carried a full container load (FCL) of engineered building boards.
    • The importer was BP2G Logistics and Ship Chandlers Pvt Ltd, a Thiruvananthapuram start-up, acting for Alteir Group.
    • Full-scale export-import (EXIM) cargo operations at the port began in August.
    • The boards are used in construction as an alternative to conventional plywood.
    Key terms
    EXIM cargo
    — Export-import cargo, meaning goods moving into and out of the country through a port, as opposed to transhipment.
    Full container load (FCL)
    — A shipment in which a single consignee uses the whole container.
    Customs broker
    — A licensed agent who handles customs clearance formalities for importers and exporters.
    Freight forwarder
    — An intermediary who arranges the transport and logistics of cargo on a shipper's behalf.
  13. 13. Quad foreign ministers meet in Atlanta, flag economic coercion

    Quad foreign ministers met on the sidelines of the G20 Foreign Ministers' Meeting in Atlanta, voicing grave concern over economic coercion and reviewing cooperation ahead of a planned leaders' summit.

    The Hindu · National GS2 International Relations & Organisations
    • Rubio (US), Jaishankar (India), Motegi (Japan) and Wong (Australia) met in Atlanta on October 31, 2026, on the sidelines of the G20 Foreign Ministers' Meeting.
    • The joint statement expressed 'grave concerns' about economic coercion, including arbitrary export restrictions.
    • This was the third Quad Foreign Ministers' Meeting of the year; earlier ones were in New Delhi (May) and Manila (July).
    • A Quad Leaders' Summit is being planned for mid-November on the sidelines of the ASEAN-East Asian Summits, with the Philippines mentioned as host and President Trump to host per the report.
    • Priority areas named: resilient supply chains, next-generation technologies, maritime cooperation and critical minerals.
    Key terms
    Quad
    — Informal strategic dialogue of India, the US, Japan and Australia focused on a free and open Indo-Pacific.
    Economic coercion
    — Use of trade or economic measures, such as export curbs, to pressure another state politically.
    Critical minerals
    — Minerals essential for advanced technology and clean energy whose supply is concentrated and vulnerable to disruption.
    Indo-Pacific Command
    — US military combatant command for the Indo-Pacific region, whose renaming back to Pacific Command is reported in the article.
  14. 14. Beyond gullibility: Supreme Court and digital arrest scams

    The Supreme Court is pressing the RBI and banks to curb 'digital arrest' fraud through mule-account controls and compensation for victims, but the editorial warns that broad holds and reporting could penalise genuine account holders.

    • Supreme Court hearing on 29 October, led by CJI Surya Kant, on 'digital arrest' scams; about ₹800 crore lost this year even after recoveries.
    • RBI's KYC Amendment Directions, 2026 require banks to flag suspected mule accounts and place temporary debit holds; the Attorney-General said they will be in force by 31 December.
    • A transaction of ₹1,000 or more that is unusual for the account holder's profile, or linked to a reported account, can be held for up to 60 days, longer if police direct.
    • RBI's 2017 zero-liability circular covers only unauthorised transactions, so victims coerced into transferring money get no relief.
    • Many scam compounds operate with trafficked Indians in Myanmar, Cambodia and Laos.
    Key terms
    Digital arrest
    — A scam in which fraudsters pose as law enforcement officers on a video call and falsely claim the victim is under arrest, to extort money.
    Mule account
    — A bank account used to receive and pass on proceeds of fraud, helping launder the money.
    Zero-liability provisions
    — RBI's 2017 circular protecting customers from loss in unauthorised electronic transactions.
    KYC Amendment Directions, 2026
    — RBI directions requiring banks to flag suspected mule accounts and apply temporary debit holds.
  15. 15. Attappady infant deaths expose Keralam's tribal health and social crisis

    Twelve infant deaths, ten of them tribal, in recent months have revived focus on Attappady's long-running child health crisis, with tribal groups saying the causes go beyond healthcare.

    • 12 infants died in Attappady (Palakkad, Keralam) in recent months; 10 were from tribal communities.
    • Tribal activists cite 124 infant deaths in the region since 2011.
    • Since 2012: about 300 abortions, 90 intrauterine deaths and around two dozen stillbirths.
    • 2013 was the worst-scrutinised year, with 47 tribal infants dying.
    • The State government has begun an expert assessment; tribal organisations demand action on nutrition, maternal health and landlessness.
    Key terms
    Infant mortality
    — Deaths of children under one year of age, usually measured per 1,000 live births.
    Intrauterine death
    — Death of a foetus inside the womb before birth.
    Stillbirth
    — A baby born dead after the pregnancy has progressed to a late stage.
    Landlessness
    — Lack of land ownership, which undermines tribal livelihoods, food security and nutrition.
  16. 16. Green firecrackers: less polluting, but not pollution-free, says expert

    Chandigarh allows only certified green crackers this Diwali; a PGIMER expert explains they cut emissions but still pollute and harm health, so overall use must be reduced.

    • Green crackers were developed by CSIR-NEERI, Nagpur; recognised categories are SWAS (Safe Water Releaser), STAR (Safe Thermite Cracker) and SAFAL (Safe Minimal Aluminium).
    • NEERI criteria: at least 30% cut in particulate matter versus conventional composition, or at least 20% PM cut plus at least 10% cut in gases such as SO2 and NO2.
    • Barium nitrate is excluded; the Supreme Court has refused to allow it even in reduced quantities.
    • The Supreme Court earlier permitted government-approved green crackers on a 'test case basis' in Delhi-NCR.
    • Genuineness check: licensed vendor, manufacturer details, PESO licence and a product-specific QR code; labels like 'eco-friendly' are not proof.
    Key terms
    Green crackers
    — Low-emission firecrackers with modified chemical formulations and reduced or substituted raw materials, developed by CSIR-NEERI.
    SWAS, STAR, SAFAL
    — Recognised green-cracker categories: Safe Water Releaser, Safe Thermite Cracker and Safe Minimal Aluminium.
    PM2.5
    — Fine particulate matter that can penetrate deep into the lungs and harm respiratory and heart health.
    PESO
    — Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organisation, whose licence is required for genuine green crackers.
  17. 17. Why Service-Origin High Court Judges Grant Bail Less Often

    A study of 4,459 Delhi High Court bail cases finds judges promoted from the district judiciary grant bail far less often than judges appointed from the Bar, showing how judicial discretion and professional background can shape personal…

    • Study published in the Journal of Law and Courts (Cambridge University Press) covers 4,459 bail applications decided by 34 Delhi High Court judges in 2023-24.
    • Overall bail grant rate was 72.5%: Bar-origin judges granted 80.3% of 3,102 pleas, while service-origin judges granted 54.8% of 1,357 pleas.
    • After adjusting for case features, service judges were about 23.7 percentage points less likely to grant bail (raw gap 25.5 points).
    • Article 217 requires ten years as an advocate or ten years in judicial office to become a High Court judge; about one-third of posts are conventionally for service judges.
    • Nearly 70% of people in Indian prisons are undertrials.
    Key terms
    Bail is the rule, jail the exception
    — The Supreme Court's long-held principle that pre-trial detention should not be the default.
    Undertrial
    — A person held in prison while their trial is still pending and who has not been convicted.
    Article 217
    — Constitutional provision on appointment of High Court judges, setting eligibility of ten years at the Bar or in judicial office.
    Judicial discretion
    — The latitude a judge has to decide a case on its facts where the law prescribes no fixed formula.
  18. 18. Northeast tourism push: easier permits for foreign visitors

    At the 14th international tourism mart in Tawang, the MHA and Tourism Ministry spotlighted easier permit procedures for foreign tourists in protected northeastern states, balancing footfall with security; foreigners are only about 1% of the…

    • Five of eight northeastern states (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland) are protected areas for foreign nationals.
    • Foreigners can apply online through Indian missions abroad or FRROs, or offline within the host state/UT.
    • Tourism permits are generally for 60 days; non-tourism permits for 180 days, extendable up to a year in select cases (per Mizoram officials).
    • Permits are no longer tied to specific circuits or spots; movement is free within approved zones, but defence, paramilitary and sensitive installations need separate clearance.
    • Of 1.5 crore tourists in the region, only about 1.5 lakh (1%) were foreign nationals.
    Key terms
    Protected Area Permit
    — Special permission required by foreign nationals to visit notified border or sensitive areas.
    FRRO
    — Foreigners Regional Registration Office, which handles registration and permits for foreigners in India.
    Form-III report
    — Report that hotels and travel agents must submit to registration officers about foreign guests.
    Buddhist tourism
    — Travel built around Buddhist heritage sites, such as those in Arunachal Pradesh.
  19. 19. Meiteis, Nagas rally in Imphal demanding SoO pact abrogation

    A large COCOMI-organised rally, backed by the United Naga Council, demanded scrapping of the Suspension of Operations pact with Kuki militant groups, while Kuki-Zo bodies renewed their Union Territory demand, adding pressure on Centre and…

    • Rally organised by COCOMI (Coordinating Committee on Manipur Integrity) in Imphal; endorsed by the United Naga Council (UNC).
    • Demands: lasting peace, justice for victims, safe resettlement of internally displaced persons, and abrogation of the SoO agreement with Kuki militant groups.
    • Route ran from Tiddim Ground, Kwakeithel to Thau Ground, Thangmeiband (Imphal West); shops, schools and public transport were shut.
    • UNC held parallel rallies in Naga-dominated hill districts such as Senapati and Chandel; a Naga representative also demanded Assam Rifles' withdrawal.
    • Kuki Zo Council (KZC) reiterated its Union Territory demand and threatened that its MLAs could quit the state government and SoO groups reconsider cooperation.
    Key terms
    Suspension of Operations (SoO)
    — Agreement under which militant groups halt violence and stay in designated camps while talks with the government continue.
    COCOMI
    — Coordinating Committee on Manipur Integrity, a Meitei civil society platform that organised the rally.
    United Naga Council (UNC)
    — Apex Naga civil society body in Manipur that backed the rally and held protests in hill districts.
    Internally displaced persons
    — People forced to leave homes by conflict but who remain within their own country.
    Union Territory demand
    — Kuki-Zo call for a separate administration directly under the Centre, outside the Manipur state government.
  20. 20. CPCB orders action against Delhi-NCR industries lacking air pollution control devices

    CPCB has told NCR pollution boards to close or serve show-cause notices on units in 17 highly polluting categories that have not installed or ordered air pollution control devices, to meet CAQM's particulate matter limit before winter.

    • CPCB's October 30 order covers Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan state boards and the Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC).
    • CAQM's February norm set a particulate matter emission limit of 50 ug/m3 for 17 highly polluting industry categories in Delhi-NCR and adjoining areas.
    • Around 2,300 medium and large industries were identified for compliance; the deadline was pushed from August 1 to October 1 citing West Asia crisis disruptions.
    • Units without satisfactory proof of work orders for APCDs within five days face closure until orders are placed and a credible timeline is accepted.
    • Devices must be installed or upgraded only via National Productivity Council-empanelled vendors; CPCB built a portal to track compliance.
    Key terms
    Air pollution control devices (APCDs)
    — Equipment such as filters or scrubbers fitted to industrial stacks to cut particulate and gaseous emissions.
    Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM)
    — Statutory body that sets and enforces air quality norms and directions for Delhi-NCR and adjoining areas.
    Show-cause notice
    — Formal notice asking a unit to explain why punitive action such as closure should not be taken.
    Adequacy assessment report
    — Technical evaluation of whether an industry can meet the permissible emission limits.
  21. 21. Maharashtra's 32,400-tree felling for pumped storage project meets village resistance

    Forest department began felling trees in Karjat for a 3,000-MW pumped storage hydropower project; Katkari tribal villagers who depend on the forest protested, halting work for now, raising a clean-energy versus forest-rights conflict.

    • Project: 3,000-MW pumped storage hydropower at Saidongar Hill, Karjat taluka, Maharashtra; estimated cost Rs 13,505 crore; developer Torrent Power
    • Land needed: 377 hectares, of which 233 ha is forest land and 144 ha is village land across Dhak, Pali, Potal, Ambot and Bhaliwadi
    • 32,400 trees are slated for felling; more than 1,000 already cut before work was paused after protests
    • Site lies in the Sahyadri range, about 16 km from Bhimashankar forest, flagged as ecologically sensitive by the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel
    • Habitat of the Indian giant squirrel (shekru), Maharashtra's state animal; most villagers are from the Katkari tribal community
    Key terms
    Pumped storage hydropower
    — Energy storage that pumps water uphill using surplus power and releases it through turbines to generate electricity at peak demand.
    Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel
    — Expert body that identified ecologically sensitive areas in the Western Ghats, including the Bhimashankar forest area.
    Katkari community
    — Tribal community of the area, dependent on forest produce and wood sales for income and food.
    Intermittent renewable supply
    — Variable output from sources like solar and wind, which storage systems help balance.
Next Take the 21 MCQs 0 attempted today · UPSC marking

Items are summarised in our own words from PIB, The Hindu and The Indian Express; nothing is reproduced from the articles, and each item links to the original. Questions are generated from those releases and re-checked against the source text by a second model before publishing. If one looks wrong, use Feedback — every report is read.

Where the day comes from

992 items so far across 55 days — 437 from Press Information Bureau, 270 from The Hindu and 285 from Indian Express — Explained. Every item links to the publisher.

Press Information Bureau

The Government of India’s own releases — Cabinet decisions, ministry launches, scheme notifications, official data.

This is where a Prelims fact is first stated in the words the Commission is likeliest to use. A scheme’s nodal ministry, its year, its coverage: PIB says it plainly, and a newspaper paraphrase usually loses exactly the detail the question turns on.

The Hindu

National, Business, Science and the daily editorial.

The editorial is the one place an aspirant reliably meets the argument on both sides of a policy — the raw material for Mains, and for the Prelims statement-pair questions that ask which of two claims is actually true.

Indian Express — Explained

The Explained desk’s background pieces.

Explained exists to answer the “what is this and why now” question, which is the same question a Prelims item has to answer before it can be turned into an MCQ.

The Hindu, distilled

A newspaper is written for a reader who wants the day. An aspirant needs the two or three facts in it that can be asked, and the argument behind them — which is maybe four hundred words out of four thousand.

So we do not reproduce the article. Each item is written from scratch in our own words: what happened, which body or ministry it belongs to, the numbers as reported, the concepts it touches, and what the editorial is actually arguing where it argues something. The original is linked, always, and the link goes to the publisher — read it there if you want the whole thing.

What this does not do is replace the paper. If you have thirty minutes for The Hindu, spend them on The Hindu. This is for the mornings when you do not.

How the questions are written

  1. 1

    Yesterday’s stories are read, not scraped for headlines

    The day’s PIB releases and the relevant newspaper pieces are worked through and scored for Prelims relevance. Most of what a newspaper prints on any day is not askable, and the honest thing to do with it is drop it.

  2. 2

    Each item is rewritten in our own words, against the primary source

    Where a story rests on a government document, the document is the source: the release, the survey, the notification, the Act. The publisher’s link sits on the item so you can check us.

  3. 3

    Questions are written from the item, in UPSC’s formats

    Statement pairs, “consider the following” sets, correctly-matched pairs, assertion-reason — the formats the Commission actually uses, rather than one-line factual recall. A question that can be answered without reading the item is not a Prelims question.

  4. 4

    Every question gets an explanation and three reasons for being wrong

    The same standard as the previous-year bank: why the correct option is correct, and separately why each of the other three is not. A question with a bare answer key teaches nothing on the day you get it wrong, which is the only day it matters.

  5. 5

    Scoring is UPSC’s, and the archive stays open

    +2 for a correct answer, −0.67 for a wrong one, nothing for a blank, and your rank against everyone who attempted the same set. Past days keep their full solutions permanently.

The same standard applies to the previous-year bank: thirteen years of Prelims papers, every question explained. If you want to see the standard before committing a morning to it, one is worked through in full here.

Archive

55 days, 1,059 questions, all with full explanations, free to read. Past days show their solutions immediately and are free to attempt.

All 55 days →

Questions people actually ask

Is the daily current affairs quiz free?

Yes. Reading is free and always will be — every item and every question, with their explanations, on the day and in the archive. Scoring today’s set, with your rank and the marks lost to negative marking, is free too with a sign-in. Past days you can attempt for nothing.

Which sources do the daily UPSC current affairs come from?

Press Information Bureau releases, The Hindu (National, Business, Science and the editorial) and the Indian Express Explained desk. Where a story rests on a government document — a Cabinet decision, an Economic Survey table, a notification — that document is the source rather than the newspaper report of it. Every item links to the publisher.

How many questions are there each day, and how are they marked?

Twenty-one, in UPSC Prelims formats, marked the way UPSC marks: +2 for a correct answer, −0.67 for a wrong one and nothing for a question left blank. You also see your rank against everyone else who attempted that day’s set.

How far back does the archive go?

Every set published since the daily started is browsable by date, with its questions and full explanations shown. Today’s answers unlock when you submit; past days show solutions immediately.

Does this replace reading the newspaper?

No, and it is not meant to. If you have half an hour for The Hindu, spend it there. This is a distillation for the mornings you do not have it, and a way of turning what you read into questions you have actually answered.

Practise Prelims PYQs and the daily 21 free

Score the daily set, see your rank, and let Guru explain what you missed.

Start free

Already have an account? Log in