Which of the following is the most crucial and logical inference that can be made from the above passage?
- (a) The Earth can meet only the basic needs of humans for food, clothing and shelter.
- (b) The only way to meet environmental challenge is to limit human population.
- (c) Reducing our consumerism is very much in our own interest. ✓ UPSC's answer
- (d) Knowledge of biological systems can only help us save this planet.
Why the answer is (c)
• The passage identifies the top environmental challenge as a combination of people and their aspirations.
• It contrasts 'frugal' aspirations (post-WWII) with viewing the planet as a 'giant shopping mall' (consumerism).
• The text argues that frugal aspirations make 'a lot more possible' than consumerist ones.
• It emphasizes understanding the planet as a biological system rather than being fascinated by 'glitter' (materialism).
• Therefore, the logical inference is that reducing consumerism aligns with the planet's biological limits and is in our interest.
Why the other options are wrong
- (a) The Earth can meet only the basic needs of humans for food, clothing and shelter.
- The passage discusses the feasibility of meeting aspirations based on their nature, not that the Earth can *only* meet basic needs.
- (b) The only way to meet environmental challenge is to limit human population.
- The passage focuses on changing aspirations and consumption patterns, not on limiting the human population.
- (d) Knowledge of biological systems can only help us save this planet.
- The passage suggests understanding the biological system is necessary, but does not claim it is the *only* way to save the planet.
Asked in the CSAT Paper II of the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination 2018, held on 3 June 2018. Question and answer key: Union Public Service Commission. Explanation: UPSC Answer Check.