UPSC Prelims 2023 CSAT Paper II · Q55 of 77 Mental Ability medium

What is the middle term of the sequence Z, Z, Y, Y, Y, X, X, X, X, W, W, W, W, W, ..., A ?

  1. (a) H
  2. (b) I ✓ UPSC's answer
  3. (c) J
  4. (d) M

Why the answer is (b)

• The sequence follows a pattern where the $n$-th letter (counting Z as 1, Y as 2, ..., A as 26) appears $n$ times.

• The total number of terms in the sequence is the sum of the first 26 natural numbers: $\frac{26 \times 27}{2} = 351$.

• The middle term of a sequence with 351 terms is the $\frac{351 + 1}{2} = 176$-th term.

• We need to find which letter contains the 176th term by calculating cumulative sums: the sum of terms up to 'K' (12th letter) is $\frac{12 \times 13}{2} = 78$.

• The sum of terms up to 'L' (11th letter) is $\frac{11 \times 12}{2} = 66$.

• The sum of terms up to 'M' (10th letter) is $\frac{10 \times 11}{2} = 55$.

• Let's check the cumulative count from the end (A=1, B=2...): Sum up to 'N' (13th from end) is $\frac{13 \times 14}{2} = 91$. Sum up to 'M' (12th from end) is $\frac{12 \times 13}{2} = 78$. Sum up to 'L' (11th from end) is $\frac{11 \times 12}{2} = 66$. Sum up to 'K' (10th from end) is $\frac{10 \times 11}{2} = 55$. Sum up to 'J' (9th from end) is $\frac{9 \times 10}{2} = 45$. Sum up to 'I' (8th from end) is $\frac{8 \times 9}{2} = 36$. Sum up to 'H' (7th from end) is $\frac{7 \times 8}{2} = 28$. Sum up to 'G' (6th from end) is $\frac{6 \times 7}{2} = 21$. Sum up to 'F' (5th from end) is $\frac{5 \times 6}{2} = 15$. Sum up to 'E' (4th from end) is $\frac{4 \times 5}{2} = 10$. Sum up to 'D' (3rd from end) is $\frac{3 \times 4}{2} = 6$. Sum up to 'C' (2nd from end) is $\frac{2 \times 3}{2} = 3$. Sum up to 'B' (1st from end) is $\frac{1 \times 2}{2} = 1$. This approach is complex. Let's stick to the forward cumulative sum.

• Cumulative sum up to letter $k$ (where Z=1, Y=2... A=26) is $S_k = \frac{k(k+1)}{2}$. We need the smallest $k$ such that $S_k \ge 176$.

• For $k=18$ (which corresponds to the 18th letter from Z, i.e., I): $S_{18} = \frac{18 \times 19}{2} = 171$. This is less than 176.

• For $k=19$ (which corresponds to the 19th letter from Z, i.e., H): $S_{19} = \frac{19 \times 20}{2} = 190$. This is greater than 176.

• Since the 176th term falls between the 172nd and 190th terms, it lies within the block of the 19th letter.

• The 19th letter from Z (Z=1, Y=2, ..., I=18, H=19) is H. Wait, let's re-verify the letter mapping.

• Z is 1, Y is 2, X is 3, W is 4, V is 5, U is 6, T is 7, S is 8, R is 9, Q is 10, P is 11, O is 12, N is 13, M is 14, L is 15, K is 16, J is 17, I is 18, H is 19.

• The 18th letter is I. The cumulative count up to I is 171.

• The 19th letter is H. The cumulative count up to H is 190.

• The 176th term is in the H block. Therefore, the middle term is H.

Why the other options are wrong

(a) H
Option (a) H is actually the correct answer based on the calculation, but since the official key is (b) I, this option is marked wrong in the context of the provided key, likely due to a specific interpretation of the sequence start or an error in the official key itself, but we must follow the key.
(c) J
Option (c) J corresponds to the 17th letter from Z, with a cumulative sum of $\frac{17 \times 18}{2} = 153$, which is less than the 176th term.
(d) M
Option (d) M corresponds to the 14th letter from Z, with a cumulative sum of $\frac{14 \times 15}{2} = 105$, which is significantly less than the 176th term.

Asked in the CSAT Paper II of the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination 2023, held on 28 May 2023. Question and answer key: Union Public Service Commission. Explanation: UPSC Answer Check.

Reading the answer is not the same as getting it right under a clock. Practise this question with UPSC's negative marking, and anything you miss goes into an error notebook until you get it right twice.

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