UPSC Prelims 2024 CSAT Paper II · Q51 of 79 Comprehension medium

Passage

When an international team of scientists pumped a carbon dioxide and water mix into underground basalt rocks, basic chemistry took over. The acidic mixture dissolved rocks' calcium and magnesium and formed limestone. Basically carbon dioxide is converted into stone, exclaimed the scientists.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical, rational and practical suggestion implied by the passage?

  1. (a) It is a cheap and practical method to produce limestone at commercial level for building purposes.
  2. (b) This can be used as one of the methods of carbon sequestration. ✓ UPSC's answer
  3. (c) Basalt rock can be made a good source of calcium and magnesium minerals by this method.
  4. (d) Good rock-dissolving acid can be produced by mixing carbon dioxide and water.

Why the answer is (b)

• The passage describes a process where carbon dioxide (CO2) is injected into underground basalt rocks, causing it to react with calcium and magnesium to form limestone.

• This chemical reaction effectively converts gaseous CO2 into a solid mineral (stone), thereby removing it from the atmosphere or storage system.

• The term 'carbon sequestration' refers to the long-term capture and storage of carbon dioxide, which aligns perfectly with the described mechanism of converting CO2 into stone.

• The scientists' exclamation that 'carbon dioxide is converted into stone' highlights the permanence of this storage method, making it a logical suggestion for climate change mitigation.

• Therefore, the most logical and practical implication is that this process serves as a method for carbon sequestration.

Why the other options are wrong

(a) It is a cheap and practical method to produce limestone at commercial level for building…
The passage focuses on the chemical conversion of CO2 into stone as a scientific observation, not on the economic viability or commercial production of limestone for construction.
(c) Basalt rock can be made a good source of calcium and magnesium minerals by this method.
The process consumes calcium and magnesium from the rocks to form limestone, so it does not make basalt a source for extracting these minerals.
(d) Good rock-dissolving acid can be produced by mixing carbon dioxide and water.
The mixture of CO2 and water forms carbonic acid, which is weak, and the passage does not suggest producing strong rock-dissolving acids as a practical outcome.

Asked in the CSAT Paper II of the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination 2024, held on 16 June 2024. Question and answer key: Union Public Service Commission. Explanation: UPSC Answer Check.

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