UPSC Prelims 2024 CSAT Paper II · Q8 of 79 Basic Numeracy medium

X, Y and Z can complete a piece of work individually in 6 hours, 8 hours and 8 hours respectively. However, only one person at a time can work in each hour and nobody can work for two consecutive hours. All are engaged to finish the work. What is the minimum amount of time that they will take to finish the work?

  1. (a) 6 hours 15 minutes
  2. (b) 6 hours 30 minutes
  3. (c) 6 hours 45 minutes ✓ UPSC's answer
  4. (d) 7 hours

Why the answer is (c)

• X, Y, and Z complete 1/6, 1/8, and 1/8 of the work per hour respectively, with X being the fastest worker.

• To minimize time, the fastest worker (X) should work as many hours as possible, subject to the constraint that no one works two consecutive hours.

• In a 6-hour cycle, the optimal pattern is X, Y, X, Z, X, Y (or similar), where X works 3 hours, Y works 2 hours, and Z works 1 hour.

• Work done in 6 hours: 3(1/6) + 2(1/8) + 1(1/8) = 1/2 + 3/8 = 7/8 of the total work.

• Remaining work is 1/8. Since X just worked in the 6th hour (in the pattern X,Y,X,Z,X,Y), Y or Z must work next. Y works 1/8 in 1 hour, but we need to check if a faster combination exists or if the pattern allows X to work in the 7th hour. Wait, if the pattern is X, Y, X, Z, X, Y, the 6th hour is Y. So X can work in the 7th hour.

• Let's re-evaluate the optimal sequence for minimum time. We want to maximize X's hours. Sequence: X, Y, X, Z, X, Y. Hours: 1(X), 2(Y), 3(X), 4(Z), 5(X), 6(Y). Work: 3/6 + 2/8 + 1/8 = 1/2 + 3/8 = 7/8. Remaining: 1/8.

• Next hour (7th): X can work (since Y worked in 6th). X does 1/6 in 1 hour. But we only need 1/8. Time taken = (1/8) / (1/6) = 6/8 = 0.75 hours = 45 minutes.

• Total time = 6 hours + 45 minutes = 6 hours 45 minutes.

Why the other options are wrong

(a) 6 hours 15 minutes
6 hours 15 minutes is incorrect because the remaining work after 6 hours (1/8) takes 45 minutes for X to complete, not 15 minutes.
(b) 6 hours 30 minutes
6 hours 30 minutes is incorrect because the remaining work (1/8) requires 45 minutes of work by the fastest available worker (X), not 30 minutes.
(d) 7 hours
7 hours is incorrect because the work is completed in 6 hours and 45 minutes, which is less than 7 hours.

Asked in the CSAT Paper II of the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination 2024, held on 16 June 2024. Question and answer key: Union Public Service Commission. Explanation: UPSC Answer Check.

Reading the answer is not the same as getting it right under a clock. Practise this question with UPSC's negative marking, and anything you miss goes into an error notebook until you get it right twice.

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