What is the unit digit in the multiplication of 1 × 3 × 5 × 7 × 9 × ... × 999 ?
- (a) 1
- (b) 3
- (c) 5 ✓ UPSC's answer
- (d) 9
Why the answer is (c)
• The expression is the product of all odd numbers from 1 to 999: 1 × 3 × 5 × 7 × ... × 999.
• The sequence includes the number 5, which is a factor in the multiplication.
• The sequence also includes the number 3, which is another factor in the multiplication.
• Since the product contains both 3 and 5 as factors, it contains 15 (3 × 5) as a factor.
• Any integer multiple of 5 that is not a multiple of 10 ends in 5, but more simply, any product containing a factor of 5 and an odd number (like 3) will result in a unit digit of 5 if the other factors do not introduce a factor of 2 to make it a multiple of 10. However, a simpler rule is that if a product contains a factor of 5 and at least one other odd number, the unit digit is 5. Actually, the most direct logic is: The product includes 5. The product also includes 3. 5 × 3 = 15, which ends in 5. Multiplying 15 by any other odd number (1, 7, 9, etc.) will always result in a number ending in 5 (e.g., 15×1=15, 15×7=105, 15×9=135). Therefore, the unit digit is 5.
Why the other options are wrong
- (a) 1
- The unit digit cannot be 1 because the product includes the factor 5, and multiplying 5 by any odd number greater than 1 results in a unit digit of 5, not 1.
- (b) 3
- The unit digit cannot be 3 because the product includes the factor 5, and 5 multiplied by any odd number results in a unit digit of 5, not 3.
- (d) 9
- The unit digit cannot be 9 because the product includes the factor 5, and 5 multiplied by any odd number results in a unit digit of 5, not 9.
Asked in the CSAT Paper II of the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination 2025, held on 25 May 2025. Question and answer key: Union Public Service Commission. Explanation: UPSC Answer Check.