In India, the problem of soil erosion is associated with which of the following? 1. Terrace cultivation 2. Deforestation 3. Tropical climate Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only ✓ UPSC's answer
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Why the answer is (b)

• Deforestation (2) removes the tree cover and roots that bind soil, exposing it to rain and wind — the main human cause of soil erosion in India.

• Terrace cultivation (1) is a soil-conservation measure that reduces erosion on slopes, not a cause.

• A tropical climate (3) by itself does not cause erosion; heavy rainfall matters only when the soil is exposed, so the key treats it as not associated.

• Hence 2 only, option (b).

Why the other options are wrong

(a) 1 and 2 only: Terrace cultivation prevents erosion.
(c) 1 and 3 only: Terracing prevents erosion; climate alone is not the cause.
(d) 1, 2 and 3: Terracing is a conservation measure, not a cause.

Asked in the GS Paper I of the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination 2014, held on 24 August 2014. Question and answer key: Union Public Service Commission. Explanation: UPSC Answer Check.