The Ghadr (Ghadar) was a
- (a) revolutionary association of Indians with headquarters at San Francisco ✓ UPSC's answer
- (b) nationalist organization operating from Singapore
- (c) militant organization with headquarters at Berlin
- (d) communist movement for India's freedom with headquarters at Tashkent
Why the answer is (a)
• The Ghadar Party was founded in 1913 by Punjabi immigrants in the USA and Canada, with headquarters at San Francisco (Yugantar Ashram) under Sohan Singh Bhakna and Lala Har Dayal; its paper 'Ghadar' called for armed revolt against British rule — option (a).
• It attempted an uprising in Punjab in 1915 that was crushed.
• Singapore (b), Berlin (c, the Berlin Committee) and Tashkent (d, M.N. Roy's Communist Party) were other centres.
• Hence option (a).
Why the other options are wrong
- (b) nationalist organization operating from Singapore
- Ghadar was not based in Singapore.
- (c) militant organization with headquarters at Berlin
- Berlin hosted the Berlin Committee, not Ghadar.
- (d) communist movement for India's freedom with headquarters at Tashkent
- Tashkent was M.N. Roy's communist base.
Asked in the GS Paper I of the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination 2014, held on 24 August 2014. Question and answer key: Union Public Service Commission. Explanation: UPSC Answer Check.