UPSC Prelims 2015 GS Paper I · Q40 of 100 Environment & Ecology easy

Which one of the following is associated with the issue of control and phasing out of the use of ozone-depleting substances?

  1. (a) Bretton Woods Conference
  2. (b) Montreal Protocol ✓ UPSC's answer
  3. (c) Kyoto Protocol
  4. (d) Nagoya Protocol

Why the answer is (b)

• The Montreal Protocol (1987) on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer phases out CFCs, halons and HCFCs; its Kigali Amendment (2016) adds HFCs — option (b).

• It is the most successful environmental treaty, ratified universally, and the ozone layer is on track to recover by mid-century.

• Bretton Woods (a) created the IMF and World Bank; Kyoto (c) is on greenhouse gases; Nagoya (d) on genetic-resource benefit-sharing.

• Hence option (b).

Why the other options are wrong

(a) Bretton Woods Conference
Bretton Woods concerned the post-war monetary system.
(c) Kyoto Protocol
Kyoto targets greenhouse gases, not ozone depleters.
(d) Nagoya Protocol
Nagoya concerns genetic resources.

Asked in the GS Paper I of the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination 2015, held on 23 August 2015. Question and answer key: Union Public Service Commission. Explanation: UPSC Answer Check.

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