How many possible values of (p + q + r) are there satisfying 1/p + 1/q + 1/r = 1, where p, q and r are natural numbers (not necessarily distinct) ?
- (a) None
- (b) One
- (c) Three ✓ UPSC's answer
- (d) More than three
Why the answer is (c)
• Assume without loss of generality that p ≤ q ≤ r to avoid counting permutations of the same set of values.
• Since 1/p + 1/q + 1/r = 1 and p ≤ q ≤ r, we must have 3/p ≥ 1, implying p ≤ 3. Also, 1/p < 1, so p > 1. Thus, p can be 2 or 3.
• If p = 2, the equation becomes 1/q + 1/r = 1/2. Since q ≥ 2, 2/q ≥ 1/2 implies q ≤ 4. Also q > 2 (otherwise 1/q + 1/r > 1/2). So q can be 3 or 4.
• If q = 3, 1/r = 1/2 - 1/3 = 1/6, so r = 6. The set is {2, 3, 6}, sum = 11.
• If q = 4, 1/r = 1/2 - 1/4 = 1/4, so r = 4. The set is {2, 4, 4}, sum = 10.
• If p = 3, the equation becomes 1/q + 1/r = 2/3. Since q ≥ 3, 2/q ≥ 2/3 implies q ≤ 3. Thus q = 3.
• If q = 3, 1/r = 2/3 - 1/3 = 1/3, so r = 3. The set is {3, 3, 3}, sum = 9.
• The possible values for (p + q + r) are 11, 10, and 9. There are exactly three distinct values.
• Therefore, the correct option is (c) Three.
Why the other options are wrong
- (a) None
- There are valid natural number solutions such as (2,3,6), (2,4,4), and (3,3,3), so the answer is not none.
- (b) One
- There are three distinct sums (9, 10, 11), not just one.
- (d) More than three
- There are exactly three distinct sums, not more than three.
Asked in the CSAT Paper II of the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination 2025, held on 25 May 2025. Question and answer key: Union Public Service Commission. Explanation: UPSC Answer Check.