Consider the following three statements, namely S1, S2 and S3 : S1. Protecting the environment is an existential exigency for humans, given the impact of environmental degradation on climate change. S2. Scientific consensus has not been achieved with regard to the extent of the contribution of human intervention to climate change. S3. Environmental activism includes climate alarmism and other extremist points of view that often become the focus of climate change deniers. Which of the following relationships based on the statements given above is/are correct? 1. S3 is a counterpoint to S1 2. S3 is unconnected to S1 and S2 3. S2 could be the reason for S3 Select the answer using the code given below.
- (a) 2 and 3 only
- (b) 1, 2 and 3
- (c) 1 and 2 only
- (d) 3 only ✓ UPSC's answer
Why the answer is (d)
• Relationship 1 is not correct: S3 does not dispute S1's point that protecting the environment is vital; it criticises extreme forms of activism.
• Relationship 2 is not correct: S3 is about climate activism and climate-change deniers, so it is clearly connected to S1 and S2.
• Relationship 3 is correct: the lack of scientific consensus in S2 leaves room for both alarmism and denial, which can explain the situation described in S3.
• Hence 3 only: (d).
Why the other options are wrong
- (a) 2 and 3 only
- S3 is connected to S1 and S2, so relationship 2 is wrong.
- (b) 1, 2 and 3
- Relationships 1 and 2 are not correct.
- (c) 1 and 2 only
- S3 neither contradicts S1 nor stands unconnected to it.
Asked in the CSAT Paper II of the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination 2026, held on 24 May 2026. Question and answer key: Union Public Service Commission. Explanation: UPSC Answer Check.