UPSC Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science 2023 — Paper II
All 8 questions from UPSC Civil Services Mains Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science 2023 Paper II (400 marks total). Every stem reproduced in full, with directive-word analysis, marks, word limits, and answer-approach pointers.
8Questions
400Total marks
2023Year
Paper IIPaper
Topics covered
Anatomy, physiology and clinical veterinary medicine (1)Comparative histology, avian anatomy and nerve blocks (1)Pharmacology, animal housing and zoonotic disease transmission (1)Veterinary medicine, surgery and poultry disease diagnosis (1)Animal health, dairy technology and meat science (1)Veterinary epidemiology, milk sanitation and dairy by-products (1)Slaughterhouse establishment, meat by-products and rabbit meat production (1)Meat processing, egg science and veterinarian's role in meat production (1)
A
Q1
50M150wCompulsorydiscussAnatomy, physiology and clinical veterinary medicine
Discuss the following in about 150 words each:
(a) Development of pituitary gland (10 marks)
(b) Boundaries of thoracic and pelvic cavities of bovines and organs present therein (10 marks)
(c) Diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy in dogs (10 marks)
(d) Measures to assess the environmental pollution (10 marks)
(e) Milk fever and its management in dairy cows (10 marks)
हिंदी में पढ़ें
निम्नलिखित में से प्रत्येक की लगभग 150 शब्दों में विवेचना कीजिए :
(a) पीयूष ग्रंथि का विकास (10 अंक)
(b) गोभृगुओं की वक्ष व श्रोणि गुहाओं की सीमाएं व उनके अंदर पाये जाने वाले अंग (10 अंक)
(c) स्वानों में मिर्गी का निदान व उपचार (10 अंक)
(d) पर्यावरणीय प्रदूषण के आकलन के उपाय (10 अंक)
(e) दुधारु गायों में दुग्ध-ज्वर एवं इसका प्रबंधन (10 अंक)
Answer approach & key points
Framework: Define > Physiology or aetiology > Signs > Diagnosis and management. (a) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (b) map: locate accurately > label > one line on why it matters | (c) explain: definition/context > points in order > small example > short close | (d) highlight: name the salient points > one line of substance each > close | (e) explain: definition/context > points in order > small example > short close Full marks: Precise anatomical/clinical terminology, correct species attribution, and specific management protocols.
Dual origin: Rathke's pouch (oral ectoderm) and infundibulum (neuroectoderm)
Adenohypophysis parts: pars distalis, intermedia, tuberalis
50MdescribeComparative histology, avian anatomy and nerve blocks
(a) Describe in detail the comparative histology of liver among domestic animals. (20 marks)
(b) Explain the anatomical adaptation for flight in birds. (15 marks)
(c) Describe in brief the indications and sites for various nerve blocks in the head region of cattle. (15 marks)
हिंदी में पढ़ें
(a) पालतू पशुओं में यकृत की तुलनात्मक ऊतकी का विस्तार से वर्णन कीजिए। (20 अंक)
(b) पक्षियों में उड़ने हेतु शारीरिक अनुकूलन के बारे में व्याख्या कीजिए। (15 अंक)
(c) गोजाति के सिर क्षेत्र में विभिन्न तंत्रिका अवरोधों के संकेतों व स्थानों का संक्षिप्त वर्णन कीजिए। (15 अंक)
Answer approach & key points
(a) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (b) explain: definition/context > points in order > small example > short close | (c) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance Full marks: Comprehensive, accurate, and well-structured answers with specific anatomical terms and clear comparisons.
Common plan: capsule, lobule, central vein, plates, sinusoids, Kupffer cells, portal triad
Bile and blood flow directions; portal lobule and acinus
Pig with distinct lobules versus ruminants, horse, dog and cat with indistinct lobules
Gallbladder present or absent by species
Pneumatic bones and fused skeleton with keeled sternum
Flight muscles and supracoracoideus pulley
Weight reduction: no teeth or bladder, single ovary
Air sacs and one-way respiration; heart; feathers
Cornual block for dehorning with site below temporal line
50MdefinePharmacology, animal housing and zoonotic disease transmission
(a) Define and classify diuretics. Write about the mechanism of action of high efficiency diuretics. (20 marks)
(b) Describe and differentiate the housing requirements of pregnant and milking cows. (15 marks)
(c) Explain the role of birds in the transmission of zoonotic diseases. (15 marks)
हिंदी में पढ़ें
(a) मूत्रल को परिभाषित व वर्गीकृत कीजिए। उच्च दक्षता वाले मूत्रल की क्रियाविधि के बारे में लिखिए। (20 अंक)
(b) गर्भवती व दुधारु गायों की आवासीय आवश्यकताओं का वर्णन व दोनों के बीच अंतर स्पष्ट कीजिए। (15 अंक)
(c) पशुजन्य रोगों के संचरण में पक्षियों की भूमिका को स्पष्ट कीजिए। (15 अंक)
Answer approach & key points
Framework: UPSC Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science Paper 2. (a) define: precise definition > the distinguishing feature > one example | (b) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (c) explain: definition/context > points in order > small example > short close Full marks: Precise definitions, specific mechanisms, clear differentiation, and named examples.
Definition of diuretics
Classification: high, medium and low efficiency with examples
Loop diuretic mechanism: NKCC2 block in thick ascending limb
Consequences: loss of medullary gradient, calcium and magnesium loss; uses and adverse effects
Pregnant cows: separate quiet area, space, calving pen
50MdescribeVeterinary medicine, surgery and poultry disease diagnosis
(a) Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis and control of lumpy skin disease in cattle. (20 marks)
(b) Write the indications, anaesthetic regimen, surgical procedure and post-operative care of rumenotomy in buffaloes. (20 marks)
(c) Describe the collection and despatch of materials for disease diagnosis in poultry. (10 marks)
हिंदी में पढ़ें
(a) गोजाति में गांठदार त्वचा रोग की हेतुकी, रोगजनन, लक्षण, निदान व नियंत्रण के बारे में वर्णन कीजिए। (20 अंक)
(b) भैंसों में रोमंथिका-छ्छेदन हेतु संकेतों, संजाहरण विधान, शल्य प्रक्रिया व शल्यक्रियोत्तर देखभाल के बारे में लिखिए। (20 अंक)
(c) कुक्कुट में रोग निदान हेतु सामग्री के संग्रह व प्रेषण का वर्णन कीजिए। (10 अंक)
Answer approach & key points
Framework: Define > Physiology or aetiology > Signs > Diagnosis and management. (a) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (b) explain: definition/context > points in order > small example > short close | (c) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance Full marks: Comprehensive, accurate, specific to species/pathogen, includes all required elements with technical precision.
Etiology: LSDV, Capripoxvirus, vectors, India 2019 and 2022
50M150wCompulsorydescribeAnimal health, dairy technology and meat science
Describe the following in about 150 words each:
(a) Quarantine as a measure to prevent the spread of animal disease (10 marks)
(b) Preparation of flavoured and sterilized milk (10 marks)
(c) Difference in the physical quality and chemical composition of cow and buffalo khoa (10 marks)
(d) Value-added poultry meat products (10 marks)
(e) Physico-chemical changes in meat after slaughter (10 marks)
हिंदी में पढ़ें
निम्नलिखित में से प्रत्येक की लगभग 150 शब्दों में विवेचना कीजिए :
(a) पशु रोग प्रसार को रोकने के एक उपाय के रूप में संगरोध (10 अंक)
(b) सुगंधित और विसंक्रमित दूध तैयार करना (10 अंक)
(c) गाय एवं भैंस के खोवा के भौतिक गुण व रासायनिक संरचना में अंतर (10 अंक)
(d) मूल्य-वर्धित कुक्कुट मांस उत्पाद (10 अंक)
(e) वध के उपरांत मांस में भौतिक-रासायनिक परिवर्तन (10 अंक)
Answer approach & key points
Framework: Animal Husbandry Veterinary Science, Paper 2. (a) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (b) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (c) compare: paired headings or table > key differences > significance > conclusion | (d) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (e) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance Full marks: Accurate, specific, and well-structured answers with precise terminology and data.
Definition: isolation of sick, suspect or new animals for a set period
Livestock Importation Act 1898 and quarantine stations
Farm quarantine: separate area and staff, observation, tests, vaccination
Release criteria and exotic diseases prevented
Standardisation and pre-heating
Addition of sugar, flavour, colour
Homogenisation
In-bottle sterilisation at about 115-120 C, cooling and shelf life
50MdiscussVeterinary epidemiology, milk sanitation and dairy by-products
(a) What are the main epidemiological principles of animal disease control? (20 marks)
(b) Discuss the sanitation requirements of clean and safe milk production. (15 marks)
(c) Enlist the different by-products of Indian dairy industry. Describe the broad principles of their utilization. (15 marks)
हिंदी में पढ़ें
(a) पशु रोग नियंत्रण हेतु महामारी-विज्ञान के मुख्य सिद्धांत क्या हैं? (20 अंक)
(b) स्वच्छ व सुरक्षित दुग्ध उत्पादन हेतु सफाई (सैनिटेशन) की आवश्यकताओं पर चर्चा कीजिए। (15 अंक)
(c) भारतीय डेयरी उद्योग के विभिन्न उपोत्पादों को सूचीबद्ध कीजिए। उनके उपयोगों के व्यापक सिद्धांतों का वर्णन कीजिए। (15 अंक)
Answer approach & key points
Framework: Epidemiological Triangle & Food Safety Chain. (a) explain: definition/context > points in order > small example > short close | (b) discuss: intro > 3-4 dimensions > example > balanced close | (c) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance Full marks: Comprehensive, specific, and well-structured answers with clear links to principles and practical applications.
Breaking the chain: source, transmission route, susceptible host
Surveillance and diagnosis (NADRES, NIVEDI)
Source control, quarantine, biosecurity and vector control
Vaccination and herd immunity threshold; zoning and eradication
50MdescribeSlaughterhouse establishment, meat by-products and rabbit meat production
(a) Describe the basic requirements and main components in the establishment of a modern slaughterhouse. (20 marks)
(b) Enlist the edible and inedible by-products of meat industry. Give a flowchart for the preparation of gelatine from bones. (20 marks)
(c) Discuss the merits of rabbit as an alternate source of meat. (10 marks)
हिंदी में पढ़ें
(a) आधुनिक वधशाला स्थापित करने हेतु मूलभूत आवश्यकताओं व मुख्य संघटकों का वर्णन कीजिए। (20 अंक)
(b) मांस उद्योग के खाद्य व अखाद्य उपोत्पादों को सूचीबद्ध कीजिए। हड्डियों से जिलेटिन बनाने हेतु प्रवाहचार्ट दीजिए। (20 अंक)
(c) मांस के एक वैकल्पिक स्रोत के रूप में खरगोश के गुणों की चर्चा कीजिए। (10 अंक)
Answer approach & key points
Framework: UPSC Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science Paper 2. (a) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (b) enumerate: list the items in order > one line each > no commentary | (c) discuss: intro > 3-4 dimensions > example > balanced close Full marks: Comprehensive layout, accurate flowchart, and specific comparative data for rabbit.
Site, water, power, access, effluent disposal; 2001 Rules and FSSAI
One-way flow and separation of clean and dirty areas
50MdescribeMeat processing, egg science and veterinarian's role in meat production
(a) Define sausage. Describe the processing steps in the preparation of ready-to-cook sausages. (20 marks)
(b) Write down the structure, composition and nutritive value of chicken egg. (15 marks)
(c) What are the duties and functions of veterinarian in wholesome meat production? (15 marks)
हिंदी में पढ़ें
(a) सॉसेज को परिभाषित कीजिए। पकाने के लिए तैयार सॉसेज को बनाने में प्रसंस्करण चरणों का वर्णन कीजिए। (20 अंक)
(b) मुर्गी के अंडे की संरचना, उसके संघटन व पोषक मान के बारे में लिखिए। (15 अंक)
(c) स्वास्थ्यवर्धक मांस उत्पादन में पशुचिकित्सक के क्या कर्तव्य और कार्य होते हैं? (15 अंक)
Answer approach & key points
(a) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (b) explain: definition/context > points in order > small example > short close | (c) highlight: name the salient points > one line of substance each > close Full marks: Comprehensive, accurate, and well-structured answers with specific technical terms and examples.
Definition of sausage
Meat selection and grinding
Emulsification with salt, ice, spices, binders
Stuffing, linking, chilling or freezing, packing; cooked by consumer
Shell, membranes, air cell
Albumen layers and yolk with chalazae, vitelline membrane, germinal disc