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UPSC Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science — Previous Year Questions

Every question from Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science papers in UPSC Civil Services Mains (2021–2026), organised by year. 96 questions in total, each with directive-word analysis, model answer points, and a full evaluation rubric.

96Questions
6Years covered

2026 Mains

16 questions · 800 marks

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All 16 questions from 2026

Paper I

  1. Q1 (a) Classify the minerals required by animals and discuss the functions of calcium in animals. (10 marks) (b) Discuss… 50 marks
  2. Q2 (a) Discuss the salient features of feeding broiler chicks for meat production. (20 marks) (b) Describe the feeding of… 50 marks
  3. Q3 (a) Explain why animals with high metabolic rate require more complex excretory and circulatory system. (20 marks) (b)… 50 marks
  4. Q4 (a) “Silent heat is not a disease, but a failure of management.” Critically evaluate this statement in the context of… 50 marks
  5. Q5 (a) Impact of genetic drift on the conservation of endangered species (10 marks) (b) Selection for threshold traits is… 50 marks
  6. Q6 (a) Explain the genetic mechanism behind inbreeding depression. Why does continuous inbreeding lead to a reduction in… 50 marks
  7. Q7 (a) How do you estimate the cost of milk production in organised and unorganised dairy sector in India? (15 marks) (b)… 50 marks
  8. Q8 (a) (i) How do you assess the training needs of rural farmers to ensure that they are relevant and practical? (10… 50 marks

Paper II

  1. Q1 (a) Paranasal sinuses and their functions in ox (10 marks) (b) Use of electron microscopy in the study of tissue… 50 marks
  2. Q2 (a) Enlist the cranial nerves of bovines. Discuss the origin, distribution and functions of the vagus nerve. (20 marks)… 50 marks
  3. Q3 (a) Enlist the major sources of Vitamin A and its deficiency symptoms in newborn calves, lambs and piglets. What are… 50 marks
  4. Q4 (a) Give a detailed account of the impact of water, air and soil pollution on animal health and production. (20 marks)… 50 marks
  5. Q5 (a) Role of animals and birds in the propagation of zoonotic diseases in humans (10 marks) (b) Preparation and… 50 marks
  6. Q6 (a) Describe the processing of yoghurt and cultured buttermilk along with flow diagrams. (20 marks) (b) Discuss the… 50 marks
  7. Q7 (a) Describe the procedure for conducting post-mortem examination of a cow in a vetero-legal case. (20 marks) (b) Give… 50 marks
  8. Q8 (a) Differentiate between a service abattoir and a commercial abattoir. Write down the general principles for efficient… 50 marks

2025 Mains

16 questions · 800 marks

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All 16 questions from 2025

Paper I

  1. Q1 (a) Nervous control of respiration in animals. 10 (b) National Livestock Health and Disease Control Programme. 10 (c)… 50 marks
  2. Q2 (a) Write about the methods to calculate energy requirements for the maintenance of animals. 15 (b) Discuss the effects… 50 marks
  3. Q3 (a) Narrate the "Participatory Rural Appraisal" techniques used for rural planning. 10 (b) Define ethology. Describe in… 50 marks
  4. Q4 (a) Explain in detail about the classification of hormonal receptors and their functions. 10 (b) Discuss in detail the… 50 marks
  5. Q5 (a) Recurrent selection and Reciprocal recurrent selection. 10 (b) Which are the processes preventing random assortment… 50 marks
  6. Q6 (a) Describe different types of heritability based on genetic variance components. 10 (b) Explain in detail about the… 50 marks
  7. Q7 (a) Write in detail about "Dairying under mixed farming". What are its advantages over "Dairying under specialized… 50 marks
  8. Q8 (a) Classify the investment, receipts and expenditure in a commercial dairy farm. 20 (b) Mention the signs of estrus in… 50 marks

Paper II

  1. Q1 (a) Write salient Histological Features of Basic tissues of the Body. (10 marks) (b) Location of superficial lymph… 50 marks
  2. Q2 (a) Explain the formation of Foetal membranes in mammals with the help of suitable diagrams. (20 marks) (b) Discuss the… 50 marks
  3. Q3 (a)(i) Elucidate the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical findings and line of treatment of esophagitis in cow. (10 marks)… 50 marks
  4. Q4 (a)(i) Describe the effect of Avian Influenza Virus on Poultry industry and suggest the control measures to be adopted… 50 marks
  5. Q5 (a) OIE standard setting procedure for animal disease control. (10 marks) (b) Neutralization of cream. (10 marks) (c)… 50 marks
  6. Q6 (a)(i) Discuss about emerging zoonotic diseases, their prevalence and effects on animal and human population. (10… 50 marks
  7. Q7 (a)(i) Write in detail about milk and meat borne diseases and their control. (10 marks) (a)(ii) Discuss in detail the… 50 marks
  8. Q8 (a)(i) Discuss the modern processing technologies to improve quality of meat and meat products. (10 marks) (a)(ii)… 50 marks

2024 Mains

16 questions · 800 marks

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All 16 questions from 2024

Paper I

  1. Q1 (a) Write about how secretion of hormones from anterior pituitary gland is regulated in animals? (10 marks) (b) Discuss… 50 marks
  2. Q2 (a) Describe the measurement of energy retention by carbon-nitrogen balance technique. (15 marks) (b) What is "growth… 50 marks
  3. Q3 (a) Describe about the copper-molybdenum-sulphur inter-relationship in ruminants. (15 marks) (b) Write in detail about… 50 marks
  4. Q4 (a) Describe the various blood biochemical tests and discuss their importance in health status of animals. (20 marks)… 50 marks
  5. Q5 (a) Mention the steps involved in cryopreservation of bull semen. (10 marks) (b) Discuss the points to be considered… 50 marks
  6. Q6 (a) Justify the statement that "Maintenance of sires in good condition is essentially required for the success of… 50 marks
  7. Q7 (a) Suggest the strategies which should be implemented by the dairy farmers to ensure round the year supply of green… 50 marks
  8. Q8 (a) Define gene frequency. Describe the method of estimation of gene frequency from genotypic frequency with the help… 50 marks

Paper II

  1. Q1 (a) Twinning during embryonic development in animals (10 marks) (b) Classification of antimicrobial agents based on the… 50 marks
  2. Q2 (a) Describe the etiology, clinical signs, postmortem lesions and control of hemorrhagic septicemia in buffaloes. (20… 50 marks
  3. Q3 (a) Discuss the etiology, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of abomasal displacement in cows. (20 marks) (b)… 50 marks
  4. Q4 (a) Explain various biological samples to be collected for laboratory investigation in bovines along with the tests… 50 marks
  5. Q5 (a) Classification of zoonoses based on etiological agents (10 marks) (b) Significance of the cohort, case-control and… 50 marks
  6. Q6 (a) Describe the physical, chemical and microbiological examination of blood stains required for veterolegal purposes… 50 marks
  7. Q7 (a) Explain the basic processing procedures for the preparation of convenience meat products. (20 marks) (b) Discuss… 50 marks
  8. Q8 (a) Describe the social and economic implications of proper utilization of slaughter-house byproducts. (20 marks) (b)… 50 marks

2023 Mains

16 questions · 800 marks

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All 16 questions from 2023

Paper I

  1. Q1 (a) Justify why more than one digestibility trial needs to be conducted during indirect method of digestibility… 50 marks
  2. Q2 (a) Describe the methods for evaluation of protein quality in ruminant animals. (20 marks) (b) Enlist the hormones… 50 marks
  3. Q3 (a) Mention the general functions of minerals in animals. Justify the importance of Vitamin D in optimum calcium and… 50 marks
  4. Q4 (a) Describe nutritional characteristics of feed ingredients which are generally incorporated in formulation of poultry… 50 marks
  5. Q5 (a) Describe the Van Soest method of forage fiber analysis. 10 (b) Describe the different methods for study of heart… 50 marks
  6. Q6 (a) Describe the significance, composition and physical forms of creep feed in piglet. 15 (b) Describe the different… 50 marks
  7. Q7 (a) Describe the factors regulating glomerular filtration rate in animals. (15 marks) (b) Enlist the objectives and… 50 marks
  8. Q8 (a) Write short notes on the following : (i) Metabolizable energy (ii) Role of pancreas and liver in digestion (iii)… 50 marks

Paper II

  1. Q1 (a) Development of pituitary gland (10 marks) (b) Boundaries of thoracic and pelvic cavities of bovines and organs… 50 marks
  2. Q2 (a) Describe in detail the comparative histology of liver among domestic animals. (20 marks) (b) Explain the anatomical… 50 marks
  3. Q3 (a) Define and classify diuretics. Write about the mechanism of action of high efficiency diuretics. (20 marks) (b)… 50 marks
  4. Q4 (a) Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis and control of lumpy skin disease in cattle. (20 marks)… 50 marks
  5. Q5 Describe the following in about 150 words each: (a) Quarantine as a measure to prevent the spread of animal disease (10… 50 marks
  6. Q6 (a) What are the main epidemiological principles of animal disease control? (20 marks) (b) Discuss the sanitation… 50 marks
  7. Q7 (a) Describe the basic requirements and main components in the establishment of a modern slaughterhouse. (20 marks) (b)… 50 marks
  8. Q8 (a) Define sausage. Describe the processing steps in the preparation of ready-to-cook sausages. (20 marks) (b) Write… 50 marks

2022 Mains

16 questions · 800 marks

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All 16 questions from 2022

Paper I

  1. Q1 (a) Explain why the digestibility trial is considered as the best method for evaluating the nutritive value of animal… 50 marks
  2. Q2 (a) Enlist the various feed additives and describe the merits of use of probiotics in animal rations. (20 marks) (b)… 50 marks
  3. Q3 (a) Describe the role of chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration in avians. (15 marks) (b) Describe the different… 50 marks
  4. Q4 (a) Describe the behavioural adjustments of animals during hot weather. (20 marks) (b) Describe the different bases of… 50 marks
  5. Q5 (a) Describe the various steps for formulation of poultry broiler starter feed. (10 marks) (b) Describe the… 50 marks
  6. Q6 (a) Describe the cellular and fluid constituents of semen in domestic animals. (20 marks) (b) Describe the scientific… 50 marks
  7. Q7 (a) Define the term 'total digestible nutrients' and describe the various factors which affect the total digestible… 50 marks
  8. Q8 (a) Describe the interrelationship of renal acidosis and secondary hyperparathyroidism in dogs suffering from chronic… 50 marks

Paper II

  1. Q1 (a) Structure and function of sweat glands (10 marks) (b) Role of antimuscarinic agents in anaesthesia (10 marks) (c)… 50 marks
  2. Q2 (a) Define Placenta. Classify Placenta on the basis of histological structure with example. (20 marks) (b) Classify the… 50 marks
  3. Q3 (a) Discuss the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, symptoms, postmortem lesions, diagnosis and control of Foot and… 50 marks
  4. Q4 (a) (i) Describe the factors responsible for colic in horses and its treatment. (10 marks) (ii) What is the importance… 50 marks
  5. Q5 (a) Worsted system of wool processing (10 marks) (b) Platform tests for determination of milk quality (10 marks) (c)… 50 marks
  6. Q6 (a) Discuss in detail the slaughter techniques, meat inspection and preservation of poultry meat. (20 marks) (b) Define… 50 marks
  7. Q7 (a) What is fraudulent substitution of meat? Discuss the various methods to detect meat adulteration. (20 marks) (b)… 50 marks
  8. Q8 (a) Explain in detail the preparation of ice-cream with a flowchart and give the legal standards and various defects of… 50 marks

2021 Mains

16 questions · 800 marks

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All 16 questions from 2021

Paper I

  1. Q1 (a) Write composition of egg yolk citrate dilutor and method of its preparation. (10 marks) (b) Explain the process of… 50 marks
  2. Q2 (a) Write about the feeding of swine for lean meat production and its importance in human health. (10+5 marks) (b)… 50 marks
  3. Q3 (a) Describe causes of different types of anoestrus in dairy cows and suggest their remedial measures. (15 marks) (b)… 50 marks
  4. Q4 (a) Differentiate between the following: (i) Endocrine and Exocrine glands. (4 marks) (ii) Phytobiotics and… 50 marks
  5. Q5 (a) Mention the pattern of crop-rotation for supply of green fodder throughout the year. (10 marks) (b) Constraints… 50 marks
  6. Q6 (a) Describe molecular marker. Write in detail about different types of DNA markers alongwith their advantages and… 50 marks
  7. Q7 (a) Describe the procedure for calculating the economics of milk production in commercial dairy farm having five… 50 marks
  8. Q8 (a) Describe the methods of estimating inbreeding coefficient and breeding value of animals. (20 marks) (b) Suggest… 50 marks

Paper II

  1. Q1 (a) Histology of endocrine and exocrine pancreas (10 marks) (b) Monday morning sickness in equines and its management… 50 marks
  2. Q2 (a) Enumerate the different compartments of ruminal stomach. Explain the topographic anatomy of rumen and reticulum in… 50 marks
  3. Q3 (a) What are zero disease concept and herd immunity? Discuss in detail about chemoprophylaxis. (20 marks) (b) Discuss… 50 marks
  4. Q4 (a) Discuss the various methods of preservation of hides and skin. Elaborate the different steps involved in conversion… 50 marks
  5. Q5 (a) Development of bone, fat and muscle tissues in mammalian embryo (10 marks) (b) Vitamin B complex deficiency in… 50 marks
  6. Q6 (a) Describe in detail about the cleaning and sanitation of dairy plant for processing of clean and safe milk. (20… 50 marks
  7. Q7 (a) Write about the risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms and management of organophosphorus poisoning in dairy… 50 marks
  8. Q8 (a) Classify diuretics with examples on the basis of efficacy and also write down their mechanism of action. (20 marks)… 50 marks

How Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science answers are marked

The shape the examiner expects, what earns the marks and the traps that lose them: the same card our rubrics for this subject are written from.

Answer skeleton

  1. Define
  2. Physiology or aetiology
  3. Signs
  4. Diagnosis and management

What earns the marks

  • Use exact anatomical and species terms
  • Show ration and dose calculations stepwise
  • Name the pathogen by genus and species
  • Link management to production economics

What earns the extra mark

  • Named breed
  • National livestock programme

Traps that cost marks

  • Wrong species attribution
  • Dosages without basis
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