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Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science 2025 Paper I 50 marks 150 words Compulsory Write short notes

Paper I — Q1

Write short notes on/Answer the following in about 150 words each : 10×5=50 (a) Nervous control of respiration in animals…

Write short notes on/Answer the following in about 150 words each : 10×5=50 (a) Nervous control of respiration in animals. 10 (b) National Livestock Health and Disease Control Programme. 10 (c) Factors affecting pre- and post-natal growth in animals. 10 (d) Write AIV method of silage preparation. 10 (e) Explain the concept of Essential Amino Acid Index (EAAI) and its significance in evaluating protein quality. 10

हिंदी में प्रश्न पढ़ें

निम्नलिखित प्रत्येक पर लगभग 150 शब्दों में संक्षिप्त टिप्पणियाँ/उत्तर लिखिए : 10×5=50 (a) पशुओं में श्वसन का तंत्रिकीय नियंत्रण । 10 (b) राष्ट्रीय पशुधन स्वास्थ्य एवं रोग नियंत्रण कार्यक्रम । 10 (c) पशुओं में जन्मपूर्व एवं जन्मोत्तर वृद्धि को प्रभावित करने वाले कारक । 10 (d) साइलेज बनाने की ए.आई.वी. विधि लिखिए । 10 (e) आवश्यक ऐमीनो एसिड इंडेक्स (ई.ए.ए.आई.) की अवधारणा एवं प्रोटीन की गुणवत्ता के मूल्यांकन में इसके महत्व को समझाइए । 10

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Directive word: Write short notes

This question asks you to write short notes. The directive word signals the depth of analysis expected, the structure of your answer, and the weight of evidence you must bring.

See our UPSC directive words guide for a full breakdown of how to respond to each command word.

How this answer will be evaluated

Approach

The directive 'write short notes' demands concise, information-dense responses for each sub-part within ~30 words per mark. Allocate approximately 30 words (20% time) per sub-part: for (a) focus on neural pathways and respiratory centers; for (b) emphasize programme components and funding; for (c) distinguish pre-natal (maternal, placental) from post-natal (nutrition, hormonal) factors; for (d) detail the AIV (Aho, Ilves, Valio) preservation mechanism and acid application; for (e) define EAAI formula and interpret values >1.0. No elaborate introduction or conclusion needed; begin each sub-part directly with definition or key mechanism.

Key points expected

  • (a) Nervous control: Medullary respiratory centers (DRG/VRG), pontine centers, chemoreceptors (central-peripheral), Hering-Breuer reflex, and their integration in rhythmic breathing
  • (b) NLHDCP: Components like ASCAD, NADCP, Brucellosis Control, PPR Eradication, funding pattern (60:40 Centre-State), and target species coverage
  • (c) Growth factors: Pre-natal (maternal nutrition, placental efficiency, genetic imprinting) vs post-natal (colostrum intake, creep feeding, GH/thyroid axis, environmental temperature)
  • (d) AIV method: Addition of mineral acids (HCl/H₂SO₄ mixture) to drop pH <4.0, rapid fermentation inhibition, suitability for low-sugar forages, dosage rate (3-5 litres/tonne)
  • (e) EAAI: Formula using egg protein as reference, calculation of geometric mean of essential amino acid ratios, significance (EAAI>0.9=high quality, <0.5=poor), application in feed formulation

Evaluation rubric

DimensionWeightMax marksExcellentAveragePoor
Demand-directive understanding20%10Demonstrates precise grasp of 'write short notes' by delivering dense, factual content for each sub-part without narrative padding; for (a) explains mechanism not just listing centers; for (d) specifies acid chemistry and pH targets; for (e) presents formula and interpretive thresholdsProvides basic definitions for most sub-parts but misses directive-specific depth—e.g., lists respiratory centers without explaining their interaction, or describes AIV vaguely without pH values or acid typesMisinterprets directive by writing essay-style introductions, exceeding word limits, or confusing sub-parts (e.g., describing general silage methods instead of AIV specifically)
Content depth & accuracy20%10Displays specialized veterinary knowledge: for (a) distinguishes DRG/VRG functions and chemoreceptor locations; for (b) names specific programmes under NLHDCP with correct funding ratios; for (c) cites IGF-1 and leptin roles; for (d) gives precise acid concentrations; for (e) calculates or illustrates EAAI applicationCovers main topics with acceptable accuracy but lacks specificity—e.g., mentions 'respiratory centers' without naming DRG/VRG, or knows NLHDCP exists without programme detailsContains factual errors: confuses AIV with wilted silage, misidentifies EAAI as biological value, or states incorrect pH targets; significant content gaps across multiple sub-parts
Structure & flow20%10Each sub-part follows optimal short-note architecture: crisp opening definition → 2-3 mechanistic/operational points → closing significance/application; clear visual separation between (a)-(e); parallel structure enhances readabilityInformation present but organization uneven—some sub-parts well-structured while others ramble; transitions between points within sub-parts weak; excessive or insufficient bullet usePoorly demarcated sub-parts, no internal structure within answers, or illogical sequencing (e.g., discussing post-natal before pre-natal factors without clear labeling)
Examples / case-law / data20%10Integrates relevant specifics: for (b) mentions PPR eradication timeline 2017-2030 or Brucellosis pilot in Maharashtra; for (c) cites specific growth rates (e.g., birth weight doubling in calves) or breed comparisons; for (e) provides sample EAAI values for common Indian feedstuffs (groundnut cake, fish meal)Generic or no examples; may mention 'cattle' or 'poultry' without specificity, or refers to 'some states' without naming NLHDCP implementation examplesNo examples, irrelevant examples (e.g., human respiratory physiology for animal question), or fabricated data/programme names
Conclusion & analytical edge20%10Each sub-part closes with clinical/practical significance: for (a) links to anesthesia management; for (b) evaluates programme effectiveness or funding challenges; for (c) contrasts species-specific growth strategies; for (d) compares AIV vs additive-based methods; for (e) critiques EAAI limitations (ignores bioavailability, processing effects)Ends with restatement of content rather than synthesis; no explicit comparison or evaluation; misses opportunity to demonstrate applied understandingAbrupt endings without closure, or forced generic conclusions ('thus it is important'); no evidence of critical engagement with any sub-part's practical implications

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