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Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science 2021 Paper I 50 marks 150 words Compulsory Differentiate

Paper I — Q5

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) Mention the pattern of crop-rotation for supply of green fodder…

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) Mention the pattern of crop-rotation for supply of green fodder throughout the year. (10 marks) (b) Constraints encountered during transfer of technology to rural women. (10 marks) (c) Discuss about the care and management of pregnant cows. (10 marks) (d) Differentiate general combining ability with specific combining ability. (10 marks) (e) Explain the law of independent assortment with suitable example. (10 marks)

हिंदी में प्रश्न पढ़ें

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर लगभग 150 शब्दों में दीजिये : (a) वर्ष भर हरे चारे की आपूर्ति के लिये फसल चक्र के स्वरूप प्रतिरूप का उल्लेख कीजिये । (10 अंक) (b) ग्रामीण महिलाओं को प्रौद्योगिकी हस्तांतरण के दौरान आने वाली बाधाओं का वर्णन कीजिये । (10 अंक) (c) गर्भवती गायों की देखभाल एवं प्रबन्धन के बारे में चर्चा कीजिये । (10 अंक) (d) सामान्य संयोजन क्षमता एवं विशिष्ट संयोजन क्षमता के मध्य अंतर बताइये । (10 अंक) (e) स्वतंत्र अपव्यूहन (वर्गीकरण) के नियम की उपयुक्त उदाहरण के साथ व्याख्या कीजिये । (10 अंक)

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Directive word: Differentiate

This question asks you to differentiate. The directive word signals the depth of analysis expected, the structure of your answer, and the weight of evidence you must bring.

See our UPSC directive words guide for a full breakdown of how to respond to each command word.

How this answer will be evaluated

Approach

This multi-part question requires responding to five distinct directives: 'mention' for (a), implied 'discuss' for (b), 'discuss' for (c), 'differentiate' for (d), and 'explain' for (e). Allocate approximately 30 words per sub-part (150 total), spending roughly equal time on each since all carry 10 marks. Structure each sub-part as a standalone micro-answer with a brief opening, core content, and concise closure; avoid integrated introductions or conclusions across parts.

Key points expected

  • (a) Crop rotation pattern: Lists sequential crops ensuring year-round green fodder availability (e.g., berseem-ryegrass-maize-cowpea-oats sequence; seasonal gaps filled with perennial grasses like napier or guinea grass)
  • (b) Technology transfer constraints to rural women: Identifies socio-cultural barriers (purdah, mobility restrictions), educational gaps, resource limitations (land ownership, credit access), and institutional failures (male-dominated extension services)
  • (c) Care of pregnant cows: Covers nutritional management (last trimester protein/energy escalation), housing modifications (maternity pens), health monitoring (vaccination, deworming), and parturition preparedness
  • (d) GCA vs SCA distinction: Defines GCA as average performance in all crosses (additive gene action) and SCA as performance in specific crosses (non-additive/epistatic effects); notes breeding applications (line development vs hybrid synthesis)
  • (e) Law of independent assortment: States Mendel's Second Law (allele segregation independent for different traits); illustrates with dihybrid cross (RrYy × RrYy yielding 9:3:3:1 ratio) and notes chromosome basis (genes on non-homologous chromosomes)

Evaluation rubric

DimensionWeightMax marksExcellentAveragePoor
Demand-directive understanding20%10Precisely calibrates response to each directive: for (a) lists rather than elaborates; for (b) and (c) provides analytical discussion; for (d) constructs clear comparative framework; for (e) balances definition with explanatory depth—no directive misinterpretationGenerally follows directives but blurs boundaries—over-elaborates on (a) or under-develops (d) and (e); some confusion between 'discuss' and 'explain' demandsFundamental directive confusion: writes essay for 'mention', lists points for 'discuss', or fails to differentiate/comparison for (d); treats all five parts identically regardless of verb
Content depth & accuracy20%10Demonstrates command across all five domains: accurate crop calendars for Indian conditions (NWFZ/NEHZ specific); nuanced gender analysis; evidence-based pregnancy management (NRC/ICAR standards); correct quantitative genetics formulas (GCA = μ + gi, SCA = sij); precise Mendelian ratiosAdequate coverage with minor inaccuracies—generic rotation sequences without regional specificity, superficial gender constraints, imprecise nutritional percentages, conflated GCA/SCA definitions, or arithmetic errors in dihybrid ratiosSubstantial content gaps or errors: incorrect crop sequences, stereotyped gender analysis, dangerous pregnancy management advice (e.g., overfeeding pre-partum), reversed GCA/SCA concepts, or failure to state 9:3:3:1 ratio
Structure & flow20%10Five clearly demarcated sub-sections with parallel internal architecture; each part progresses logically from premise to application; seamless transitions between agricultural, social, management, genetic, and fundamental biological domainsIdentifiable sub-parts with inconsistent internal organization—some parts well-structured, others stream-of-consciousness; occasional domain jumps without bridgingUndifferentiated wall of text or chaotic fragmentation; missing part labels (a)-(e); illogical sequencing (e.g., placing genetic theory before fodder agronomy without rationale)
Examples / case-law / data20%10Rich contextualization: for (a) cites specific varieties (IGFRI varieties like CO-1, CO-2) and agro-climatic zones; for (b) references KVKS/ATMA women's programs or SHG data; for (c) quotes gestation length (283 days), DMI requirements; for (d) cites Sprague-Tatum (1942) or maize hybrid data; for (e) uses Mendel's actual pea traits (seed shape × color)Sparse or generic examples—'berseem' without variety, 'women's groups' without specificity, 'adequate nutrition' without figures, 'some crops' for dihybrid cross; no primary source attributionNo examples, incorrect examples, or irrelevant examples; fabricated data; examples that confuse domains (e.g., using animal breeding examples for crop rotation)
Conclusion & analytical edge20%10Each part closes with applied insight: (a) links rotation to milk production economics; (b) proposes gender-responsive extension redesign; (c) connects management to calf survival and lactation yield; (d) guides breeder choice between population improvement and hybrid exploitation; (e) notes modern exceptions (linkage, pleiotropy) to classical lawDescriptive closure without synthesis—repeats main points or offers generic 'therefore' statements lacking domain-specific applicationAbrupt endings or missing conclusions; no value-addition beyond textbook reproduction; for (d) and (e), fails to state practical significance of genetic principles

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