UPSC Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science 2023 — Paper I
All 8 questions from UPSC Civil Services Mains Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science 2023 Paper I (400 marks total). Every stem reproduced in full, with directive-word analysis, marks, word limits, and answer-approach pointers.
8Questions
400Total marks
2023Year
Paper IPaper
Topics covered
Animal nutrition, physiology, genetics and goat rearing (1)Protein quality evaluation, pituitary hormones and milk composition (1)Animal nutrition, physiology and management (1)Poultry nutrition, hematology and genetics (1)Forage analysis, heart sounds, dairy economics, sire indices, livestock mission (1)Creep feed, hypoxia, postnatal growth assessment (1)Animal physiology and dairy development (1)Animal husbandry, dairy management, cattle breeding (1)
A
Q1
50M150wCompulsoryjustifyAnimal nutrition, physiology, genetics and goat rearing
Answer the following questions in about 150 words each:
(a) Justify why more than one digestibility trial needs to be conducted during indirect method of digestibility determination of feed. (10 marks)
(b) Describe the physiological adjustments of goats during hot weather. (10 marks)
(c) Write in brief about the stages of spermatogenesis in bulls. (10 marks)
(d) Explain the importance of goat rearing in the upliftment of socio-economic status of farmers. (10 marks)
(e) Describe the different covariance components for resemblance between animal relatives. (10 marks)
हिंदी में पढ़ें
निम्नलिखित प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर लगभग 150 शब्दों में दीजिए :
(a) चारे की पाचन-शक्ति के निर्धारण की अप्रत्यक्ष विधि के दौरान एक से अधिक पाचन-शक्ति परीक्षण आयोजित करने की आवश्यकता क्यों होती है ? इसका औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए । (10)
(b) गर्म मौसम के दौरान बकरियों के शारीरक्रियात्मक समायोजन का वर्णन कीजिए । (10)
(c) साँड़ों में शुक्राणुजन के चरणों के बारे में संक्षेप में लिखिए । (10)
(d) किसानों की सामाजिक-आर्थिक स्थिति के उत्थान में बकरी पालन के महत्व की व्याख्या कीजिए । (10)
(e) पशु रिश्तेदारों के बीच समानता के लिए विभिन्न सहप्रसरण घटकों का वर्णन कीजिए । (10)
Answer approach & key points
Framework: null. (a) justify: claim > 3-4 reasons > evidence > conclusion | (b) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (c) write short notes: define > 3-4 key features > one example > one-line significance | (d) explain: definition/context > points in order > small example > short close | (e) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance Full marks: Precise terminology, logical flow, and specific examples for all parts.
Test feed cannot be fed alone, so basal ration trial and basal plus test trial are required
Test feed digestibility calculated by difference
Associative effects and repetition at different inclusion levels
Animal variation, replication, preliminary and collection periods, error magnification
50MdescribeProtein quality evaluation, pituitary hormones and milk composition
(a) Describe the methods for evaluation of protein quality in ruminant animals. (20 marks)
(b) Enlist the hormones secreted from anterior pituitary gland and describe the physiological role of these hormones. (5+10=15 marks)
(c) Describe the nutritional factors affecting the composition of milk in dairy cows. (15 marks)
हिंदी में पढ़ें
(a) जुगाली करने वाले पशुओं में प्रोटीन गुणवत्ता के मूल्यांकन की विधियों का वर्णन कीजिए । (20)
(b) अग्र पीयूष ग्रंथि से स्रावित हार्मोनों को सूचीबद्ध कीजिए और इन हार्मोनों की कार्यिकीय भूमिका का वर्णन कीजिए । (5+10=15)
(c) डेयरी गायों में दूध की संरचना को प्रभावित करने वाले पोषक कारकों का वर्णन कीजिए । (15)
Answer approach & key points
Framework: Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science (Paper 1). (a) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (b) enumerate: list the items in order > one line each > no commentary | (c) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance Full marks: Comprehensive, accurate, and well-structured answers with specific examples and clear explanations.
Why ruminants differ: microbial degradation and synthesis, metabolisable protein concept
In vivo and in situ methods: N balance, nylon-bag technique, mobile bag, markers for microbial protein
In vitro methods: solubility, protease assays, gas production, pepsin-pancreatin for RUP
50MjustifyAnimal nutrition, physiology and management
(a) Mention the general functions of minerals in animals. Justify the importance of Vitamin D in optimum calcium and phosphorus nutrition in animals. (10+10=20 marks)
(b) Discuss the physiological functions of plasma proteins in animals. (15 marks)
(c) Suggest the feeding and management of animals under flood-affected conditions. (15 marks)
हिंदी में पढ़ें
(a) पशुओं में खनिजों के सामान्य कार्यों का उल्लेख कीजिए । पशुओं में इष्टतम कैल्शियम और फॉस्फोरस पोषण में विटामिन डी के महत्व का औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए । (10+10=20)
(b) पशुओं में प्लाज्मा प्रोटीनों के शारीरक्रियात्मक कार्यों की चर्चा कीजिए । (15)
(c) बाढ़-प्रभावित परिस्थितियों में पशुओं के आहार और प्रबंधन पर सुझाव दीजिए । (15)
Answer approach & key points
(a) justify: claim > 3-4 reasons > evidence > conclusion | (b) discuss: intro > 3-4 dimensions > example > balanced close | (c) suggest: the problem in one line > implementable measures > who acts > conclusion Full marks: Comprehensive coverage of all physiological mechanisms and practical management steps with specific examples.
General mineral functions: structure, osmotic and acid-base balance, nerve and muscle, enzymes, oxygen transport, hormones
Vitamin D synthesis and activation: skin, liver 25-OH, kidney calcitriol
Calcitriol actions: calbindin, intestinal absorption, renal reabsorption, bone mobilisation with PTH
Deficiency and optimum nutrition: rickets, osteomalacia, milk fever, Ca:P ratio
Classification: albumin, globulins, fibrinogen and sites of synthesis
Oncotic pressure and oedema with low albumin
Transport roles: albumin, transferrin, ceruloplasmin, lipoproteins
Immunity, coagulation, buffering and protein reserve
Early shifting to high ground, safe storage of feed
50MdescribePoultry nutrition, hematology and genetics
(a) Describe nutritional characteristics of feed ingredients which are generally incorporated in formulation of poultry feed. (20 marks)
(b) Enlist hemorrhagic disorders in animals and describe congenital thrombocytopenia in dogs. (5+10=15 marks)
(c) What is idealized animal population ? Describe the chromosomal theory of sex determination in animals. (5+10=15 marks)
हिंदी में पढ़ें
(a) कुक्कुट आहार के निर्माण में आमतौर पर शामिल अवयवों की पोषण-संबंधी विशेषताओं का वर्णन कीजिए । (20)
(b) पशुओं में रक्तस्रावी विकारों को सूचीबद्ध कीजिए और कुत्तों में जन्मजात थ्रोम्बोसाइटोपेनिया का वर्णन कीजिए । (5+10=15)
(c) आदर्श पशु-संख्या क्या है ? पशुओं में लिंग निर्धारण के गुणसूत्रीवाद का वर्णन कीजिए । (5+10=15)
Answer approach & key points
Framework: Animal Husbandry Veterinary Science, Paper 1. (a) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (b) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (c) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance Full marks: Comprehensive, accurate, and well-structured answers with specific examples and correct terminology.
Energy sources: maize, sorghum, bajra, fats with ME values and limiting amino acids
Protein sources: soybean meal, groundnut, sunflower, mustard and cottonseed cakes, fish meal with composition and anti-nutrients
Answer the following questions in about 150 words each : 10×5=50
(a) Describe the Van Soest method of forage fiber analysis. 10
(b) Describe the different methods for study of heart sounds in animals. 10
(c) Describe the economic considerations in commercial dairy farming. 10
(d) Describe the various sire indices meant for assessing the breeding worth of bulls. 10
(e) Discuss the various aspects of "National Livestock Mission" intended for livestock development in India. 10
हिंदी में पढ़ें
निम्नलिखित प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर लगभग 150 शब्दों में दीजिए :
(a) चारा रेशा विश्लेषण की वैन सोएस्ट विधि का वर्णन कीजिए । 10
(b) पशुओं में हृदय ध्वनियों के अध्ययन की विभिन्न विधियों का वर्णन कीजिए । 10
(c) वाणिज्यिक डेयरी फार्मिंग में आर्थिक विचार-योग्य बिन्दुओं का वर्णन कीजिए । 10
(d) साँड़ों के प्रजनन मूल्य का आकलन करने के लिए विभिन्न प्रजनक सूचकांकों का वर्णन कीजिए । 10
(e) भारत में पशुधन विकास के लिए अभिप्रेत "राष्ट्रीय पशुधन मिशन" के विभिन्न पहलुओं पर चर्चा कीजिए । 10
Answer approach & key points
Framework: Animal Husbandry Veterinary Science, Paper 1. (a) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (b) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (c) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (d) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (e) discuss: intro > 3-4 dimensions > example > balanced close Full marks: Precise terminology, stepwise logic, and specific examples.
(a) Describe the significance, composition and physical forms of creep feed in piglet. 15
(b) Describe the different types of hypoxia in animals. 15
(c) Describe the various methods for assessment of postnatal growth in animals. 20
हिंदी में पढ़ें
(a) शूकरशाव (पिगलेट) में क्रीप फीड के महत्व, संरचना और भौतिक रूपों का वर्णन कीजिए । 15
(b) पशुओं में विभिन्न प्रकार की अवऑक्सीता (हाइपोक्सिया) का वर्णन कीजिए । 15
(c) पशुओं में प्रसवोत्तर वृद्धि के आकलन की विभिन्न विधियों का वर्णन कीजिए । 20
Answer approach & key points
Framework: Define > Physiology or aetiology > Signs > Diagnosis and management. (a) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (b) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (c) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance Full marks: Comprehensive, accurate, and well-structured answers with specific examples and clear distinctions.
Definition: palatable feed for suckling piglets from 7-10 days
(a) Describe the factors regulating glomerular filtration rate in animals. (15 marks)
(b) Enlist the objectives and describe the components of National Programme for Dairy Development. (15 marks)
(c) Explain the methods for oestrus detection and time of insemination for better conception rate in animals. (20 marks)
हिंदी में पढ़ें
(a) पशुओं में ग्लोमेरुलर निस्संदन दर को नियंत्रित करने वाले कारकों का वर्णन कीजिए। (15 अंक)
(b) डेयरी विकास के लिए राष्ट्रीय कार्यक्रम के उद्देश्यों की सूची बनाइए और उसके घटकों का वर्णन कीजिए। (15 अंक)
(c) पशुओं में स्त्रीमद का पता लगाने के तरीकों की व्याख्या कीजिए और बेहतर गर्भधान दर के लिए शुक्रसेचन के समय का वर्णन कीजिए। (20 अंक)
Answer approach & key points
(a) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (b) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (c) explain: definition/context > points in order > small example > short close Full marks: Comprehensive, accurate, and well-structured answers with specific physiological and management details.
Definition of GFR and GFR = Kf x NFP
Starling forces: PGC, PBS, oncotic pressure with values
Autoregulation: myogenic and tubuloglomerular feedback
Hormonal and neural control: angiotensin II, sympathetic, ANP, prostaglandins
Central scheme of DAHD since 2014, restructured 2021 to 2025-26
Objectives: milk testing, procurement and chilling, processing, training, producer returns
Component A: dairy development infrastructure
Component B: dairying through cooperatives with NDDB and external aid
Visual detection: standing heat and supporting signs, twice daily
Aids: tail paint, teasers, pedometers and collars, progesterone assay
Synchronisation with PGF2a, Ovsynch or CIDR
Timing: ovulation 24-32 h after onset; AM-PM rule; buffalo and sexed semen variations
(a) Write short notes on the following : (i) Metabolizable energy (ii) Role of pancreas and liver in digestion (iii) Transgenesis (iv) Prebiotics as feed additives (5x4=20 marks)
(b) Enlist the crossbred cattle breeds developed in India and describe the types of crossbreeding. (15 marks)
(c) Define herd recording and explain the significance of herd recording for efficient dairy farm management. (15 marks)
हिंदी में पढ़ें
(a) निम्नलिखित पर संक्षिप्त टिप्पणियाँ लिखिए : (i) चयापचय-योग्य ऊर्जा (ii) पान्च में अम्लायशय और यकृत की भूमिका (iii) ट्रांसजेनेसिस (iv) खाद्य योगज के रूप में प्रीबायोटिक्स (5x4=20 अंक)
(b) भारत में विकसित संकर मवेशी नस्लों को सूचीबद्ध कीजिए और प्रसंकरण के प्रकारों का वर्णन कीजिए। (15 अंक)
(c) झुण्ड रिकॉर्डिंग को परिभाषित कीजिए और दक्ष डेयरी फार्म प्रबंधन के लिए झुण्ड रिकॉर्डिंग के महत्व की व्याख्या कीजिए। (15 अंक)
Answer approach & key points
(a) write short notes: define > 3-4 key features > one example > one-line significance | (b) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (c) explain: definition/context > points in order > small example > short close Full marks: Precise definitions, specific examples, clear linkages to management and economics.
Metabolizable energy: GE minus faecal, urinary and gaseous losses
Pancreatic enzymes and bile salts with functions
Transgenesis: stable foreign DNA in germline with methods and examples