Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science

UPSC Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science 2022 — Paper I

All 8 questions from UPSC Civil Services Mains Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science 2022 Paper I (400 marks total). Every stem reproduced in full, with directive-word analysis, marks, word limits, and answer-approach pointers.

8Questions
400Total marks
2022Year
Paper IPaper

Topics covered

Animal nutrition, physiology, breeding and management (1)Feed additives, ration formulation and mineral deficiency (1)Animal physiology - respiration, cardiac cycle and digestion (1)Animal behaviour, selection and extension education (1)Poultry nutrition, physiology, disaster management and dairy development (1)Reproduction, dairy management and sheep nutrition (1)Animal nutrition - TDN, protein quality and balanced ration (1)Veterinary medicine, endocrinology and animal growth (1)

A

Q1
50M 150w Compulsory explain Animal nutrition, physiology, breeding and management

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) Explain why the digestibility trial is considered as the best method for evaluating the nutritive value of animal feeds. (10 marks) (b) Describe the various factors which affect hematopoiesis in animals. (10 marks) (c) Describe the electro-ejaculation technique for collection of semen in bulls with its merits and demerits. (10 marks) (d) Describe the significance and various methods for dehorning in calves. (10 marks) (e) Define inbreeding and describe the different genetic and phenotypic consequences of inbreeding. (10 marks)

हिंदी में पढ़ें

निम्नलिखित प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर लगभग 150 शब्दों में दीजिए : (a) पशु आहार के पोषक मूल्य के मूल्यांकन में पाचन-शक्ति परीक्षण को सबसे अच्छा तरीका क्यों माना जाता है? वर्णन कीजिए। (10 अंक) (b) पशुओं में रक्तोत्पादन क्रिया (हेमैटोपोइएसिस) को प्रभावित करने वाले विभिन्न कारकों का वर्णन कीजिए। (10 अंक) (c) साँड़ों में वीर्य एकत्र करने की विद्युत-स्खलन तकनीक का वर्णन, उसके गुण व दोषों के साथ कीजिए। (10 अंक) (d) बछड़ों में विष्णुीकरण (डीहॉर्निंग) के महत्व और विभिन्न विधियों का वर्णन कीजिए। (10 अंक) (e) अंतःप्रजनन को परिभाषित कीजिए और अंतःप्रजनन के विभिन्न आनुवंशिक और समलक्षणानुकूलन (फिनोटाइपिक) परिणामों का वर्णन कीजिए। (10 अंक)

Answer approach & key points

Framework: Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science (Paper 1). (a) explain: definition/context > points in order > small example > short close | (b) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (c) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (d) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (e) define: precise definition > the distinguishing feature > one example Full marks: Comprehensive, accurate, and well-structured answers with specific examples and clear reasoning.

  • Definition of digestibility trial
  • Comparison with chemical analysis methods
  • Measurement of nutrient absorption
  • Relevance to animal production
  • Nutritional factors (Iron, B12, Folate)
  • Hormonal regulation (Erythropoietin)
  • Pathological factors (Infection, Parasites)
  • Genetic factors
Q2
50M describe Feed additives, ration formulation and mineral deficiency

(a) Enlist the various feed additives and describe the merits of use of probiotics in animal rations. (20 marks) (b) Describe the formulation of least cost rations for swine. (15 marks) (c) Describe the mineral deficiency disorders of animals. (15 marks)

हिंदी में पढ़ें

(a) विभिन्न आहार योगज (एडीटिव) को सूचीबद्ध कीजिए और पशुओं के राशन में प्रोबायोटिक्स के उपयोग के गुणों का वर्णन कीजिए। (20 अंक) (b) सुअरों के लिए कम-से-कम लागत वाले राशन तैयार करने के सूत्रण (फॉर्मूलेशन) का वर्णन कीजिए। (15 अंक) (c) पशुओं में खनिज तत्वों की कमी से होने वाले विकारों का वर्णन कीजिए। (15 अंक)

Answer approach & key points

(a) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (b) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (c) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance Full marks: Comprehensive, accurate, and well-structured answers with specific examples and calculations.

  • Enlist various feed additives (e.g., vitamins, minerals, enzymes, antibiotics)
  • Define probiotics and their mechanism of action in the gut
  • Describe merits of probiotics (e.g., improved gut health, reduced pathogens)
  • Link probiotic use to production economics or performance
  • Define least cost ration formulation
  • Identify key ingredients and their nutritional values
  • Describe the linear programming method or software use
  • Describe the stepwise procedure (requirements, ingredient database, constraints, optimisation, validation)
  • Define mineral deficiency disorders
  • Describe signs and symptoms of specific deficiencies (e.g., Ca, P, Zn, Cu)
  • Explain the physiological impact of the deficiency
  • Mention diagnosis and management/treatment
Q3
50M describe Animal physiology - respiration, cardiac cycle and digestion

(a) Describe the role of chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration in avians. (15 marks) (b) Describe the different events of cardiac cycle in animals. (15 marks) (c) Describe the physiological functions of various digestive organs of sheep. (20 marks)

हिंदी में पढ़ें

(a) पक्षियों में श्वसन के नियमन में रसोत्पाही (कीमोरिसेप्टर) की भूमिका का वर्णन कीजिए। (15 अंक) (b) पशुओं में हृदय चक्र की विभिन्न घटनाओं का वर्णन कीजिए। (15 अंक) (c) भेड़ के विभिन्न पाचन अंगों की शारीरिक क्रियाओं का वर्णन कीजिए। (20 अंक)

Answer approach & key points

Framework: Animal Husbandry Veterinary Science, Paper 1. (a) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (b) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (c) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance Full marks: Accurate anatomical terms, clear sequence, and specific avian/sheep adaptations.

  • Identify carotid body chemoreceptors
  • Explain response to hypoxia/hypercapnia
  • Link to medullary respiratory center
  • Mention avian specific adaptations
  • Define systole and diastole
  • Sequence of atrial/ventricular contraction
  • Valve opening/closing mechanism
  • Pressure changes in chambers
Q4
50M describe Animal behaviour, selection and extension education

(a) Describe the behavioural adjustments of animals during hot weather. (20 marks) (b) Describe the different bases of selection of animals. (15 marks) (c) Describe the various methods to educate farmers under rural conditions. (15 marks)

हिंदी में पढ़ें

(a) गर्म मौसम में पशुओं के व्यवहारिक समायोजन का वर्णन कीजिए। (20 अंक) (b) पशुओं के चयन के विभिन्न आधारों का वर्णन कीजिए। (15 अंक) (c) ग्रामीण परिवेश के अंतर्गत किसानों को शिक्षित करने की विभिन्न विधियों का वर्णन कीजिए। (15 अंक)

Answer approach & key points

Framework: Animal Husbandry Veterinary Science, Paper 1. (a) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (b) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (c) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance Full marks: Comprehensive, well-structured, uses specific examples and terminology, links to production economics.

  • Define behavioural thermoregulation in context of heat stress
  • Detail changes in feeding patterns (e.g., nocturnal grazing)
  • Describe physical postures (e.g., recumbency, spreading limbs)
  • Explain social adjustments (e.g., increased group spacing)
  • Define the concept of selection in animal breeding
  • Describe phenotypic selection (individual and progeny)
  • Describe genotypic selection (e.g., molecular markers)
  • Describe pedigree, family and progeny-based selection (BLUP combines these records)
  • Define rural extension and its objectives
  • Describe individual methods (e.g., farm visits, counseling)
  • Describe group methods (e.g., FGDs, demonstrations)
  • Describe mass media methods (e.g., radio, TV, mobile)

B

Q5
50M 150w Compulsory describe Poultry nutrition, physiology, disaster management and dairy development

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) Describe the various steps for formulation of poultry broiler starter feed. (10 marks) (b) Describe the physiological role of various blood vessels of animals. (10 marks) (c) Explain the strategies adopted during disaster for livestock management. (10 marks) (d) Enlist the indigenous breeds of milch cattle and write in brief on their habitat and main characteristics. (10 marks) (e) Describe about the various aspects of 'Operation Flood Project' intended for dairy development in India. (10 marks)

हिंदी में पढ़ें

निम्नलिखित प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर लगभग 150 शब्दों में दीजिए : (a) मुर्गी ब्रायलर स्टार्टर दाना बनाने के विभिन्न चरणों का वर्णन कीजिए। (10 अंक) (b) पशुओं की विभिन्न रक्त वाहिकाओं की शारीरिक भूमिका का वर्णन कीजिए। (10 अंक) (c) आपदा के समय पशुधन प्रबंधन के लिए अपनाई जाने वाली रणनीतियों की व्याख्या कीजिए। (10 अंक) (d) दुधारू गायों की देशी नस्लों को सूचीबद्ध कीजिए और उनकी मुख्य विशेषताओं व प्राकृतिक वास पर संक्षेप में लिखिए। (10 अंक) (e) भारत में डेयरी विकास के उद्देश्य से 'ऑपरेशन फ्लड प्रोजेक्ट' के विभिन्न पहलुओं के विषय में वर्णन कीजिए। (10 अंक)

Answer approach & key points

(a) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (b) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (c) explain: definition/context > points in order > small example > short close | (d) enumerate: list the items in order > one line each > no commentary | (e) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance Full marks: Covers all required points with specific examples and accurate terminology.

  • Determine nutrient requirements (energy, protein, minerals)
  • Select raw materials (corn, soybean, premix)
  • Calculate ingredient proportions (ration formulation)
  • Mixing and quality control steps
  • Arteries: transport oxygenated blood from heart
  • Veins: return deoxygenated blood to heart
  • Capillaries: exchange of gases and nutrients
  • Mention of valves in veins (prevents backflow)
Q6
50M describe Reproduction, dairy management and sheep nutrition

(a) Describe the cellular and fluid constituents of semen in domestic animals. (20 marks) (b) Describe the scientific management of a dairy cow after parturition in a dairy farm. (15 marks) (c) Describe the feeding of ewe flock during gestation and suckling period. (15 marks)

हिंदी में पढ़ें

(a) पालतु पशुओं में वीर्य के कोशिकीय और द्रव घटकों का वर्णन कीजिए। (20 अंक) (b) डेयरी फार्म पर प्रसव के बाद डेयरी गाय के वैज्ञानिक प्रबंध का वर्णन कीजिए। (15 अंक) (c) गर्भावस्था और दूध पिलाने की अवधि में भेड़ के झुंड को खिलाने का वर्णन कीजिए। (15 अंक)

Answer approach & key points

Framework: Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science (Paper 1). (a) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (b) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (c) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance Full marks: Comprehensive, species-specific details with physiological rationale and management protocols.

  • Spermatozoa morphology and function
  • Seminal plasma composition (enzymes, electrolytes)
  • Glandular secretions (vesicular, prostatic, bulbourethral)
  • Physiological role of seminal fluid
  • Calving hygiene and colostrum management
  • Post-partum nutrition (transition rations)
  • Health monitoring (fever, uterine discharge)
  • Lactation curve management
Q7
50M describe Animal nutrition - TDN, protein quality and balanced ration

(a) Define the term 'total digestible nutrients' and describe the various factors which affect the total digestible nutrients. (15 marks) (b) Enlist the various measures for evaluation of protein quality for monogastric animals and describe the biological value method. (20 marks) (c) Define balanced ration and describe the ideal characteristics of a balanced ration for breeding bulls. (15 marks)

हिंदी में पढ़ें

(a) 'सकल पचनशील पोषक तत्वों' को परिभाषित कीजिए और सकल पचनशील पोषक तत्वों को प्रभावित करने वाले विभिन्न कारकों का वर्णन कीजिए। (15 अंक) (b) एक-जठरीय पशुओं हेतु प्रोटीन की गुणवत्ता के मूल्यांकन के लिए विभिन्न विधियों की सूची बनाइए और जैविक मूल्य विधि का वर्णन कीजिए। (20 अंक) (c) संतुलित राशन को परिभाषित कीजिए और प्रजनन वाले सांडों के लिए संतुलित राशन की आदर्श विशेषताओं का वर्णन कीजिए। (15 अंक)

Answer approach & key points

(a) define: precise definition > the distinguishing feature > one example | (b) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (c) define: precise definition > the distinguishing feature > one example Full marks: Precise definitions, detailed descriptions, and specific examples for all parts.

  • Precise definition of Total Digestible Nutrients
  • Description of factors affecting TDN
  • Mention of digestibility of nutrients
  • Mention of energy value
  • List of various measures for protein quality
  • Description of Biological Value (BV) method
  • Formula for Biological Value
  • Explanation of nitrogen retention
Q8
50M describe Veterinary medicine, endocrinology and animal growth

(a) Describe the interrelationship of renal acidosis and secondary hyperparathyroidism in dogs suffering from chronic nephritis. (15 marks) (b) Describe the pathways for regulation of hormone secretion from adenohypophysis of animals. (15 marks) (c) Describe the various factors which affect the growth of animals. (20 marks)

हिंदी में पढ़ें

(a) पुरानी नेफ्राइटिस बीमारी से पीड़ित कुत्तों में गुर्दे का अम्लताक्ता (रेनल एसिडोसिस) और माध्यमिक अतिपरathyरोइडिज्म (सेकेंडरी हाइपरपैरathyरोइडिज्म) के अंतर्संबंध का वर्णन कीजिए। (15 अंक) (b) पशुओं के एडीनोहाइपोफाइसिस से हार्मोन स्राव के नियमन के लिए मार्गों का वर्णन कीजिए। (15 अंक) (c) पशुओं की वृद्धि को प्रभावित करने वाले विभिन्न कारकों का वर्णन कीजिए। (20 अंक)

Answer approach & key points

Framework: Define > Physiology or aetiology > Signs > Diagnosis and management. (a) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (b) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (c) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance Full marks: Comprehensive, accurate, and well-structured answers with specific examples and diagrams.

  • Define chronic nephritis and renal acidosis
  • Explain phosphate retention and hypocalcemia
  • Describe PTH secretion response to low calcium
  • Link acidosis to bone buffering and PTH resistance
  • Define adenohypophysis and its location
  • Describe hypothalamic releasing/inhibiting hormones
  • Explain the hypothalamic-pituitary-target gland axis
  • Describe negative feedback mechanisms

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