UPSC Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science 2022 — Paper II
All 8 questions from UPSC Civil Services Mains Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science 2022 Paper II (400 marks total). Every stem reproduced in full, with directive-word analysis, marks, word limits, and answer-approach pointers.
8Questions
400Total marks
2022Year
Paper IIPaper
Topics covered
Animal physiology and veterinary medicine (1)Placenta, autonomic drugs, and surgical conditions (1)FMD, abdominal anatomy, and vaccination failure (1)Equine colic, DNA fingerprinting, and reproductive anatomy (1)Animal products technology and food safety (1)Poultry meat technology, milk processing, and animal welfare laws (1)Meat adulteration, milk spoilage, and disease epidemiology (1)Ice-cream technology, rendering, and meat canning (1)
A
Q1
50M150wCompulsorydiscussAnimal physiology and veterinary medicine
Discuss the following in about 150 words each:
(a) Structure and function of sweat glands (10 marks)
(b) Role of antimuscarinic agents in anaesthesia (10 marks)
(c) Hypocalcemic tetany in milch cattle (10 marks)
(d) Thiamine deficiency in poultry (10 marks)
(e) Neurological implications of Rabies in domestic animals (10 marks)
हिंदी में पढ़ें
निम्नलिखित में से प्रत्येक की लगभग 150 शब्दों में विवेचना कीजिए :
(a) स्वेद ग्रंथियों की संरचना एवं कार्य (10 अंक)
(b) निश्चेतना में एन्टिमस्करीनिक कारकों की भूमिका (10 अंक)
(c) दुधारु पशुओं में अल्पकैल्शियम अपतानिका (10 अंक)
(d) मुर्गियों में थायमिन की कमी (10 अंक)
(e) पालतू पशुओं में अलर्करोग (रेबीज) के तंत्रिकीय (न्यूरोलॉजिकल) निहितार्थ (10 अंक)
Answer approach & key points
Framework: Define > Physiology or aetiology > Signs > Diagnosis and management. (a) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (b) discuss: intro > 3-4 dimensions > example > balanced close | (c) discuss: intro > 3-4 dimensions > example > balanced close | (d) discuss: intro > 3-4 dimensions > example > balanced close | (e) discuss: intro > 3-4 dimensions > example > balanced close Full marks: Precise anatomical/clinical terminology; correct species attribution; clear management protocols.
Distinguish eccrine and apocrine gland types
Describe coiled tubular structure and duct
Explain thermoregulation via evaporative cooling
Mention species variation (e.g., equine vs. bovine)
Define antimuscarinic (anticholinergic) action
Explain reduction of salivary/bronchial secretions
Mention prevention of vagal bradycardia
Name specific agents (e.g., Atropine, Glycopyrrolate)
Identify as 'Milk Fever' in periparturient cows
Explain calcium drop due to lactation
List clinical signs (staggering, muscle tremors)
Describe IV calcium borogluconate treatment
Identify as Vitamin B1 deficiency
List signs: 'star-gazing', ataxia, wing drop
Mention aetiology (e.g., thiaminase in fish meal)
Describe treatment (thiamine injection)
Name pathogen: Lyssavirus (Rabies virus)
Describe 'furious' vs. 'dumb' (paralytic) forms
Mention pharyngeal paralysis and drooling (hydrophobia is a human sign)
50MdefinePlacenta, autonomic drugs, and surgical conditions
(a) Define Placenta. Classify Placenta on the basis of histological structure with example. (20 marks)
(b) Classify the drugs acting on autonomic nervous system and write their mechanism of action with example. (15 marks)
(c) Describe the diagnosis of choke and hernia along with surgical management in cattle. (15 marks)
हिंदी में पढ़ें
(a) अपरा (प्लेसेन्टा) को परिभाषित कीजिए । उतकीय संरचना के आधार पर अपरा को उदाहरण सहित वर्गीकृत कीजिए । (20 अंक)
(b) स्वायत तंत्रिका तंत्र पर कार्य करने वाली औषधियों को वर्गीकृत कीजिए तथा उदाहरण सहित उनकी क्रियाविधि लिखिए । (15 अंक)
(c) गौ पशुओं में कंठरोध (चोक) एवं हर्निया के निदान का वर्णन उनके शल्यक्रिया प्रबंधन के साथ कीजिए । (15 अंक)
Answer approach & key points
Framework: UPSC Veterinary Science Paper 2. (a) define: precise definition > the distinguishing feature > one example | (b) explain: definition/context > points in order > small example > short close | (c) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance Full marks: Precise definitions, complete classifications with examples, detailed mechanisms, and specific surgical procedures.
Precise definition of placenta
Classification based on histological structure
Specific examples for each histological type
Distinction between histological and morphological types
Classification of drugs acting on ANS
Mechanism of action for each class
Specific drug examples for each class
Distinction between sympathetic and parasympathetic drugs
50MdiscussFMD, abdominal anatomy, and vaccination failure
(a) Discuss the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, symptoms, postmortem lesions, diagnosis and control of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in cattle. (20 marks)
(b) Describe the boundaries of the abdominal cavity in Ox. Write down its contents (internal organs). How will you divide the abdomen into nine regions by imaginary lines for topographic purposes and what is its clinical importance? (20 marks)
(c) What are the reasons for the failure of vaccination in animals? (10 marks)
हिंदी में पढ़ें
(a) गोवंश पशुओं में खुरपका-मुँहपका रोग (FMD) के हेतुविज्ञान, जानपदिकरोग विज्ञान, रोगजनन, लक्षण, शव परीक्षा विधति, निदान एवं नियंत्रण की चर्चा कीजिए । (20 अंक)
(b) बैल में उदर-गुहा की सीमाओं का वर्णन कीजिए । इसके आंतरिक अंगों को लिखिए । स्थलाकृतिक उद्देश्यों के लिए आप उदर को काल्पनिक रेखाओं द्वारा नौ क्षेत्रों में कैसे विभाजित करेंगे एवं इसका नैदानिक महत्व क्या है ? (20 अंक)
(c) पशुओं में टीकाकरण की विफलता के कारण क्या हैं ? (10 अंक)
Answer approach & key points
Framework: UPSC Veterinary Science Standard. (a) discuss: intro > 3-4 dimensions > example > balanced close | (b) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (c) explain: definition/context > points in order > small example > short close Full marks: Comprehensive, accurate, uses specific veterinary terminology, covers all sub-points.
Etiology: FMDV (Picornaviridae), serotypes O, A, C, Asia 1, SAT
Epidemiology: Transmission via aerosol, fomites, viremia, incubation 2-14 days
Pathogenesis: Viremia, vesicle formation, systemic spread to heart (calf)
Symptoms: Vesicles on tongue, teats, interdigital spaces; lameness, anorexia
50MexplainEquine colic, DNA fingerprinting, and reproductive anatomy
(a) (i) Describe the factors responsible for colic in horses and its treatment. (10 marks)
(ii) What is the importance of DNA fingerprinting technique in disease investigation of animals? (10 marks)
(b) Explain the functional anatomy of female fowl in relation to its reproductive status. (15 marks)
(c) Explain the effect of environment on production and reproductive health of animals. (15 marks)
हिंदी में पढ़ें
(a) (i) घोड़े में शूल (कोलिक) के जिम्मेदार कारकों एवं इसके उपचार का वर्णन कीजिए । (10 अंक)
(ii) पशुओं की रोग जाँच में डी.एन.ए. फिंगरप्रिंटिंग तकनीक का महत्व क्या है ? (10 अंक)
(b) मादा मुर्गी के जननीय स्थिति के संबंध में इसकी कार्यात्मक शारीरिक रचना की व्याख्या कीजिए । (15 अंक)
(c) पशुओं के उत्पादन एवं प्रजनन स्वास्थ्य पर पर्यावरण के प्रभाव स्पष्ट कीजिए । (15 अंक)
Answer approach & key points
(a(i)) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (a(ii)) explain: definition/context > points in order > small example > short close | (b) explain: definition/context > points in order > small example > short close | (c) explain: definition/context > points in order > small example > short close Full marks: Comprehensive, accurate, and well-structured answers with specific examples and correct terminology.
Define equine colic as abdominal pain
List factors: feed, management, parasites
Describe treatment: fluids, analgesics, surgery
Mention specific drugs like flunixin meglumine
Define DNA fingerprinting technique
Explain its use in identifying pathogens
Mention its role in outbreak investigation
Discuss its application in genetic disease detection
50M150wCompulsorydiscussAnimal products technology and food safety
Discuss the following in about 150 words each:
(a) Worsted system of wool processing (10 marks)
(b) Platform tests for determination of milk quality (10 marks)
(c) Occupational zoonotic health hazards (10 marks)
(d) Preslaughter care of food animals (10 marks)
(e) Defects of whole milk powder and skim milk powder, their causes and prevention (10 marks)
हिंदी में पढ़ें
निम्नलिखित में से प्रत्येक की लगभग 150 शब्दों में विवेचना कीजिए :
(a) ऊन प्रसंस्करण की वर्स्टेड प्रणाली (वर्स्टेड सिस्टम) (10 अंक)
(b) दूध की गुणवत्ता निर्धारण के लिए मंच (प्लेटफार्म) परीक्षण (10 अंक)
(c) व्यावसायिक प्राणिजन्य (ऑकुपेशनल जूनोटिक) स्वास्थ्य खतरे (10 अंक)
(d) खाद्य पशुओं की वधपूर्व देखभाल (10 अंक)
(e) सम्पूर्ण (वसायुक्त) दूध के पाउडर एवं मलाईरहित (स्किम) दूध के पाउडर के दोष, इनके कारण एवं रोकथाम (बचाव) (10 अंक)
Answer approach & key points
Framework: UPSC Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science Paper 2. (a) discuss: intro > 3-4 dimensions > example > balanced close | (b) discuss: intro > 3-4 dimensions > example > balanced close | (c) discuss: intro > 3-4 dimensions > example > balanced close | (d) discuss: intro > 3-4 dimensions > example > balanced close | (e) discuss: intro > 3-4 dimensions > example > balanced close Full marks: Covers all 4 musts with specific technical terms and examples
Scouring and carbonization steps
Carding vs combing distinction
Drawing and roving stages
Spinning and finishing
Organoleptic test (smell, taste, appearance)
COB / alcohol / alizarin-alcohol tests for acidity and heat stability
Lactometer reading (and fat/SNF) to detect watering or skimming
50MdiscussPoultry meat technology, milk processing, and animal welfare laws
(a) Discuss in detail the slaughter techniques, meat inspection and preservation of poultry meat. (20 marks)
(b) Define homogenisation. Explain in detail the method of manufacture of homogenised milk along with its merits and demerits. (15 marks)
(c) Discuss the various legislations for protecting animal rights in India. (15 marks)
हिंदी में पढ़ें
(a) कुक्कुट मांस की वध तकनीकों, मांस निरीक्षण एवं परिरक्षण पर विस्तार से चर्चा कीजिए । (20 अंक)
(b) समांगीकरण को परिभाषित कीजिए । समांगीकृत दूध के निर्माण की विधि का इसके गुण एवं दोषों के साथ विस्तार से व्याख्या कीजिए । (15 अंक)
(c) भारत में पशु अधिकारों की रक्षा के लिए विभिन्न कानूनों (विधानों) पर चर्चा कीजिए । (15 अंक)
Answer approach & key points
(a) discuss: intro > 3-4 dimensions > example > balanced close | (b) explain: definition/context > points in order > small example > short close | (c) discuss: intro > 3-4 dimensions > example > balanced close Full marks: Comprehensive, accurate, with specific technical details and legal references
50MdiscussMeat adulteration, milk spoilage, and disease epidemiology
(a) What is fraudulent substitution of meat? Discuss the various methods to detect meat adulteration. (20 marks)
(b) Discuss the different types of microbial spoilage in milk. (15 marks)
(c) Discuss the epidemiological tools to study the control of air- and water-borne diseases. (15 marks)
हिंदी में पढ़ें
(a) मांस का कपटपूर्ण प्रतिस्थापन क्या है ? मांस में मिलावट का पता लगाने के विभिन्न तरीकों पर चर्चा कीजिए । (20 अंक)
(b) दूध की विभिन्न प्रकार की सूक्ष्मजैविक (माइक्रोबियल) खराबी की चर्चा कीजिए । (15 अंक)
(c) वायु- एवं जल-जनित रोगों के नियंत्रण का अध्ययन करने के लिए जनपदिक रोगविज्ञानीय उपकरणों की चर्चा कीजिए । (15 अंक)
Answer approach & key points
Framework: Define > Physiology or aetiology > Signs > Diagnosis and management. (a) discuss: intro > 3-4 dimensions > example > balanced close | (b) discuss: intro > 3-4 dimensions > example > balanced close | (c) discuss: intro > 3-4 dimensions > example > balanced close Full marks: Precise definitions, specific examples, and clear application of concepts to the specific contexts of meat, milk, and disease control.
Define fraudulent substitution of meat
Discuss methods to detect meat adulteration
Link detection to food safety
Mention specific adulterants (e.g., water, starch)
50MexplainIce-cream technology, rendering, and meat canning
(a) Explain in detail the preparation of ice-cream with a flowchart and give the legal standards and various defects of ice-cream. (20 marks)
(b) Describe in detail the various methods of rendering of fallen animal carcasses. (15 marks)
(c) Discuss in detail the various steps in canning of meat and various defects in cans. (15 marks)
हिंदी में पढ़ें
(a) प्रवाह आरेख के साथ आइस-क्रीम बनाने की विधि की विस्तारपूर्वक व्याख्या कीजिए एवं आइस-क्रीम के विधिक मानक तथा विभिन्न दोषों को बताइए । (20 अंक)
(b) मृत पशुओं के शवों की रेंडरिंग करने की विभिन्न विधियों का विस्तार से वर्णन कीजिए । (15 अंक)
(c) मांस की डिब्बाबंदी (कैनिंग) के विभिन्न चरणों एवं कैन के विभिन्न दोषों की विस्तार से चर्चा कीजिए । (15 अंक)
Answer approach & key points
Framework: UPSC Mains Subjective. (a) explain: definition/context > points in order > small example > short close | (b) describe: define > structure or process in order > labelled diagram > significance | (c) discuss: intro > 3-4 dimensions > example > balanced close Full marks: Comprehensive, accurate, and well-structured answers with specific details and examples.
Flowchart of ice-cream preparation process
Legal standards (FSSAI) for fat and solids
Various defects of ice-cream (e.g., ice crystals)
Detailed steps of mixing, aging, freezing
Definition of rendering
Description of dry rendering method
Description of wet rendering method
Significance of rendering in disease control
Steps in canning of meat (preparation, filling, sealing)
Explanation of sterilization process
Various defects in cans (e.g., swelling, corrosion)