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Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science 2021 Paper I 50 marks 150 words Compulsory Describe

Paper I — Q1

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) Write composition of egg yolk citrate dilutor and method of its…

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) Write composition of egg yolk citrate dilutor and method of its preparation. (10 marks) (b) Explain the process of erythropoiesis in animals. (10 marks) (c) Discuss the mechanism of animal adoption to extreme climatic conditions. (10 marks) (d) Describe the partitioning of food energy in animal body. (10 marks) (e) Give a brief account of feeding of calves from birth to three months of age. (10 marks)

हिंदी में प्रश्न पढ़ें

निम्नलिखित प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर लगभग 150 शब्दों में दीजिए : (a) अंडे की जर्दी साइट्रेट तनुकारक का संगठन एवं बनाने की विधि के बारे में लिखिये । (10 अंक) (b) पशुओं में लाल रक्त कोशिकाओं के बनने की प्रक्रिया की व्याख्या कीजिये । (10 अंक) (c) अतिविषम जलवायु परिस्थितियों में पशुओं के अनुकूलन की प्रक्रिया का वर्णन कीजिये । (10 अंक) (d) पशुओं के शरीर में खाद्य ऊर्जा के विभाजन का वर्णन कीजिये । (10 अंक) (e) बछड़ों के जन्म से लेकर तीन माह की आयु तक आहार प्रबंधन के बारे में संक्षिप्त जानकारी दीजिये । (10 अंक)

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Directive word: Describe

This question asks you to describe. The directive word signals the depth of analysis expected, the structure of your answer, and the weight of evidence you must bring.

See our UPSC directive words guide for a full breakdown of how to respond to each command word.

How this answer will be evaluated

Approach

This multi-part question requires descriptive responses across five distinct physiological and nutritional domains. Allocate approximately 30 words per mark (150 words per sub-part), spending roughly 3 minutes per sub-part. Structure each answer as: direct definition/introduction → systematic elaboration of components/processes → brief application/clinical relevance. For (a), prioritize composition percentages and preparation steps; for (b), emphasize erythropoietic sites and regulatory factors; for (c), integrate neuroendocrine pathways; for (d), present the energy flow diagrammatically; for (e), specify age-wise feeding schedules.

Key points expected

  • (a) Egg yolk citrate dilutor: composition (egg yolk 20%, sodium citrate 2.9%, glucose 0.3%, distilled water to volume), preparation steps (sterilization, mixing, pH adjustment to 6.8-7.0), and use in semen preservation at 5°C
  • (b) Erythropoiesis: sites (yolk sac → liver/spleen → bone marrow), stem cell differentiation (CFU-E → proerythroblast → reticulocyte), regulatory factors (EPO, iron, B12, folate), and species variations
  • (c) Climatic adaptation: thermoregulatory mechanisms (panting, peripheral vasodilation/vasoconstriction), hormonal modulation (thyroid, adrenal), metabolic adjustments, and Indian examples (Tharparkar cattle, Chokla sheep)
  • (d) Energy partitioning: Gross Energy → Digestible Energy → Metabolizable Energy → Net Energy (maintenance + production), with heat increment and fecal/urinary/gaseous losses quantified
  • (e) Calf feeding: colostrum administration (10% BW within 2 hours), transition to whole milk/ milk replacer, starter ration introduction by 2nd week, and weaning criteria by 8-12 weeks

Evaluation rubric

DimensionWeightMax marksExcellentAveragePoor
Demand-directive understanding20%10Demonstrates precise alignment with each directive: 'write' for (a) delivers complete compositional formula and step-wise preparation; 'explain' for (b) clarifies causal mechanisms of erythropoiesis; 'discuss' for (c) presents balanced physiological and behavioral adaptations; 'describe' for (d) systematically traces energy transformations; 'give brief account' for (e) provides chronological feeding protocol without superfluous detailPartially addresses directives with some conflation—treating 'discuss' as mere description without mechanism elaboration, or providing excessive narrative where 'brief account' is required; generally follows but not precisely calibrated to each verbMisidentifies directives—writes notes instead of describing process, or elaborates excessively on one sub-part while neglecting others; fails to recognize that 'write composition' requires specific percentages and procedural steps
Content depth & accuracy20%10Displays command of quantitative specifics: exact dilutor proportions, erythropoietic timeline with cell generations, energy conversion coefficients (e.g., 8% ME loss as HI), colostrum immunoglobulin levels (50-150 mg/ml); cites authoritative sources (ICAR, NRC, physiological standards)Covers all sub-parts with generally correct information but lacks precision—approximate rather than exact compositions, omits regulatory molecules in erythropoiesis, presents energy partitioning without numerical relationships, gives generic feeding advice without age-specific quantitiesContains factual errors—wrong dilutor ingredients, confused erythropoietic sites, reversed energy flow sequence, dangerous feeding recommendations; demonstrates fundamental misunderstanding of core physiological principles
Structure & flow20%10Each 150-word segment follows optimized architecture: (a) tabular composition + numbered preparation steps; (b) developmental sequence with regulatory checkpoints; (c) integrated response matrix (immediate → acclimatization → genetic); (d) hierarchical energy pyramid; (e) week-wise feeding calendar; seamless inter-part transitionsPresents information in readable paragraphs but with suboptimal organization—mixed chronological and topical arrangements, buried quantitative data, inconsistent formatting across parts; functional but not examiner-friendlyDisorganized or fragmented response—stream of consciousness writing, missing sub-part labels, disproportionate allocation (e.g., 200 words on one part, 50 on another), illegible handwriting or poor paragraph breaks impeding evaluation
Examples / case-law / data20%10Integrates relevant exemplification: for (c) cites Indian breeds (Sahiwal, Red Sindhi heat tolerance; Yak high-altitude adaptation) and physiological data (critical temperature zones); for (e) references ICAR feeding standards; for (d) provides species-specific energy utilization values; demonstrates field applicabilityIncludes some examples but limited in scope—generic 'cattle' references without breed specificity, missing Indian context for climatic adaptation, no standard reference citations; examples present but not optimally selectedLacks examples entirely or provides irrelevant illustrations; foreign breed citations where Indian examples are more appropriate; no quantitative data or standard reference integration; demonstrates disconnect from Indian animal husbandry context
Conclusion & analytical edge20%10Each sub-part concludes with clinical/practical synthesis: (a) notes dilutor limitations and alternatives; (b) connects erythropoiesis to anemia diagnostics; (c) evaluates adaptation limits in context of climate change; (d) relates energy partitioning to feed formulation economics; (e) emphasizes early nutrition impact on lifetime productivity—demonstrating integrative veterinary thinkingProvides nominal closure statements—repetition of main points without synthesis, or abrupt endings; misses opportunity to connect sub-disciplines (e.g., energy partitioning to calf feeding); conclusions present but analytically thinNo conclusions or severely truncated endings; purely descriptive without synthesis; fails to demonstrate why the information matters for veterinary practice, animal production, or welfare; suggests rote memorization without understanding

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