Paper I — Q1
Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) Write about how secretion of hormones from anterior pituitary gland…
Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) Write about how secretion of hormones from anterior pituitary gland is regulated in animals? (10 marks) (b) Discuss in brief about the physiological adjustment of camel in hot desert. (10 marks) (c) Mention about the advantages and disadvantages of information and communication technology (I.C.T.) into animal husbandry. (10 marks) (d) Discuss about the protein efficiency ratio. (10 marks) (e) Describe Weende method of feed analysis. (10 marks)
हिंदी में प्रश्न पढ़ें
निम्नलिखित प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर लगभग 150 शब्दों में दीजिए : (a) जानवरों में अग्र पीयूष (एण्टीरियर पिट्यूटरी) ग्रंथि से हार्मोन का स्राव कैसे नियंत्रित होता है, इसके बारे में लिखिए । (10 अंक) (b) रेगिस्तान के गर्म वातावरण में, ऊँट के शारीरिक समायोजन के बारे में संक्षेप में चर्चा कीजिए । (10 अंक) (c) पशुपालन में सूचना और संचार प्रौद्योगिकी (आई.सी.टी.) के फायदे और नुकसान के बारे में उल्लेख कीजिए । (10 अंक) (d) प्रोटीन दक्षता अनुपात के बारे में चर्चा कीजिए । (10 अंक) (e) पशु आहार विश्लेषण की वींडे विधि का वर्णन कीजिए । (10 अंक)
Directive word: Discuss
This question asks you to discuss. The directive word signals the depth of analysis expected, the structure of your answer, and the weight of evidence you must bring.
See our UPSC directive words guide for a full breakdown of how to respond to each command word.
How this answer will be evaluated
Approach
This multi-part question requires 'discuss' for (b), 'write about' for (a), 'mention' for (c), and 'describe' for (e). Allocate approximately 30 words per mark: ~30 words each for (a), (b), (c), (d), (e). Structure each sub-part as a concise paragraph with definition/mechanism first, followed by key features. For (a), begin with hypothalamic control; for (b), start with thermoregulation; for (c), balance advantages and disadvantages equally; for (d), define PER with formula; for (e), list the six proximate principles sequentially. No separate introduction or conclusion needed for individual 10-mark short answers.
Key points expected
- (a) Hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones (TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRH, somatostatin, dopamine) regulating anterior pituitary; negative feedback loops from target gland hormones; short-loop feedback
- (b) Camel's physiological adaptations: fluctuating body temperature (heterothermy), concentrated urine, dry feces, efficient water reabsorption, unique erythrocyte morphology, insulation through coat, metabolic water production
- (c) ICT advantages: precision livestock farming, EID/RFID tagging, automated milking, heat detection, telemedicine, NDDB's Pashu Sanjivni; disadvantages: high capital cost, digital literacy barriers, connectivity issues in rural India, data privacy concerns
- (d) Protein Efficiency Ratio definition: weight gain per unit protein consumed; formula; limitations (not accounting for maintenance, species differences); relevance in feed evaluation
- (e) Weende method: proximate analysis of six components—moisture, crude protein (Kjeldahl N × 6.25), ether extract (crude fat), crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract (NFE), total ash; sequential extraction procedure
Evaluation rubric
| Dimension | Weight | Max marks | Excellent | Average | Poor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demand-directive understanding | 20% | 10 | Correctly interprets 'write about' for (a) as explanatory with regulatory mechanisms, 'discuss' for (b) as covering multiple physiological adaptations, 'mention' for (c) as balanced listing with brief elaboration, and 'describe' for (e) as systematic procedural explanation; maintains appropriate depth for 150-word constraint per part | Partially confuses directives, treating 'mention' as full discussion or 'describe' as brief listing; uneven depth across sub-parts with some over-explained and others under-developed | Misinterprets directives entirely, such as providing only advantages for (c) or omitting regulatory feedback for (a); fails to adjust scope to word limit and mark allocation |
| Content depth & accuracy | 20% | 10 | Scientifically accurate: names specific hypothalamic hormones for (a); cites heterothermy range and erythrocyte oval shape for (b); includes Indian schemes like Pashu Sanjivni for (c); states correct PER formula for (d); lists all six Weende components with correct nitrogen conversion factor for (e) | Generally correct content with minor errors: vague on hormone names, misses unique camel adaptations like oval erythrocytes, generic ICT examples without Indian context, incomplete Weende sequence | Significant factual errors: confuses anterior/posterior pituitary, states incorrect PER calculation, omits crude fiber or NFE from Weende method, describes behavioral rather than physiological camel adaptations |
| Structure & flow | 20% | 10 | Each sub-part follows logical progression: (a) hypothalamus → releasing hormones → feedback loops; (b) thermoregulation → water conservation → cellular adaptations; (c) advantages → disadvantages; (d) definition → formula → limitations; (e) sequential analysis order; clear transitions between mechanisms | Present information in identifiable chunks but with weak sequencing, such as mixing advantages and disadvantages in (c) or presenting Weende components out of standard order; readable but not optimally organized | Disorganized or fragmented structure with no clear flow; random listing without hierarchical organization; conflates sub-parts or misses structural logic entirely |
| Examples / case-law / data | 20% | 10 | Includes specific Indian applications: NDDB's Information Network for Animal Productivity and Health (INAPH), Pashu Sanjivni portal, livestock insurance digitization; cites numerical ranges for camel temperature fluctuation (34-42°C), PER values for common feeds; references ICAR or BIS standards for Weende methodology | Mentions generic examples without Indian specificity or omits quantitative data; references ICT in animal husbandry without naming specific national programs or provides approximate rather than precise values | No examples or data provided; entirely theoretical treatment; incorrect or fabricated statistics; irrelevant examples from non-Indian contexts where Indian schemes are expected |
| Conclusion & analytical edge | 20% | 10 | Brief but insightful synthesis: for (a) notes clinical relevance of feedback manipulation; for (b) connects camel adaptations to sustainable desert agriculture; for (c) suggests hybrid models for ICT penetration; for (d) critiques PER limitations suggesting alternatives; for (e) acknowledges Weende's century-old relevance despite modern techniques | Simple summarization without analytical depth; restates main points without synthesis; no forward-looking or critical perspective on any sub-part | No concluding element in any sub-part; abrupt ending; or includes lengthy conclusion violating word limit; purely descriptive without any evaluative or integrative element |
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