Paper II — Q1
Discuss the following in about 150 words each: (a) Twinning during embryonic development in animals (10 marks) (b)…
Discuss the following in about 150 words each: (a) Twinning during embryonic development in animals (10 marks) (b) Classification of antimicrobial agents based on the mechanism of action with examples (10 marks) (c) Specific requirements for brooder house of chicken (10 marks) (d) Important clinical signs exhibited by poultry due to deficiency of vitamin E (10 marks) (e) Clinical symptoms and treatment of impaction in bovines (10 marks)
हिंदी में प्रश्न पढ़ें
निम्नलिखित प्रत्येक पर लगभग 150 शब्दों में चर्चा कीजिए : (a) पशुओं में भ्रूणीय विकास के दौरान जुड़वां बनना (10 अंक) (b) क्रियाविधि पर आधारित रोगाणुरोधी कर्मकों का वर्गीकरण, उदाहरण सहित (10 अंक) (c) कुकुट के ब्रूडर घर के लिए विशिष्ट आवश्यकताएँ (10 अंक) (d) विटामिन E की कमी के कारण मुर्गियों (पोल्ट्री) द्वारा प्रदर्शित मुख्य रोग लक्षण (10 अंक) (e) गोजातीय पशुओं में अंतर्डूडन (इम्पैक्शन) के रोग लक्षण एवं उपचार (10 अंक)
Directive word: Discuss
This question asks you to discuss. The directive word signals the depth of analysis expected, the structure of your answer, and the weight of evidence you must bring.
See our UPSC directive words guide for a full breakdown of how to respond to each command word.
How this answer will be evaluated
Approach
The directive 'discuss' requires a balanced, informative treatment of each sub-part with explanatory depth. Allocate approximately 30 words (20% time) per sub-part given equal 10-mark weighting, ensuring each response covers definition, mechanism/process, and significance. Structure as five parallel mini-answers without a unified conclusion, prioritizing precision over narrative linkage.
Key points expected
- (a) Twinning: Dizygotic vs monozygotic mechanisms; chorionic membrane patterns (dichorionic vs monochorionic); species variation (cattle high dizygotic rate, sheep/goat genetic basis); embryonic mortality implications
- (b) Antimicrobials: Cell wall synthesis inhibitors (β-lactams), protein synthesis inhibitors (aminoglycosides, tetracyclines), nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors (fluoroquinolones), metabolic antagonists (sulfonamides); one example per class
- (c) Brooder house: Temperature gradient (95°F start, 5°F weekly reduction), space requirement (0.5 sq ft/chick), litter management (rice husk, 2-4 inch depth), ventilation, lighting (23 hours initially), biosecurity zones
- (d) Vitamin E deficiency: Encephalomalacia ('crazy chick disease'), exudative diathesis (edema, hemorrhage), muscular dystrophy (white striations in breast/leg muscles); selenium interaction; differential from Newcastle/Botulism
- (e) Impaction: Primary (dietary) vs secondary (vagal indigestion, traumatic reticuloperitonitis); complete vs incomplete; doughy rumen on palpation; treatment: rumenotomy, fluid therapy, prokinetics, dietary correction
Evaluation rubric
| Dimension | Weight | Max marks | Excellent | Average | Poor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demand-directive understanding | 20% | 10 | Demonstrates 'discuss' appropriately across all five parts: for (a) explains mechanisms not just types; for (b) links mechanism to clinical application; for (c) justifies why each requirement matters; for (d) connects signs to pathophysiology; for (e) weighs medical vs surgical options | Provides factual information for each part but treats directive as 'list' or 'describe'; minimal explanatory linkage between facts | Misinterprets directive as 'define' or 'enumerate'; answers one or more parts with single sentences; confuses 'discuss' with 'compare' or 'evaluate' |
| Content depth & accuracy | 20% | 10 | Precise terminology throughout: chorionic types correctly named in (a); specific drug classes with accurate examples in (b); exact temperature/space figures in (c); pathognomonic lesions described accurately in (d); distinguishes primary/secondary impaction correctly in (e) | Generally correct content with minor errors (e.g., wrong temperature range, confused drug classes, generic lesion descriptions); covers all five parts superficially | Major factual errors (e.g., calling twinning always hereditary, confusing vitamin E with A or K, describing impaction as frothy bloat); omits 1-2 parts entirely |
| Structure & flow | 20% | 10 | Clear five-part demarcation with consistent internal structure per part; each ~150-word segment has mini-introduction, developed body, and purposeful closing; no part disproportionately long; effective use of subheadings or paragraph breaks | All five parts present but uneven development; some parts run together without clear breaks; word count skewed (e.g., 200 words for (a), 80 for (e)) | Disorganized response with merged or missing parts; no internal structure within parts; illegible handwriting or formatting that obscures part identification |
| Examples / case-law / data | 20% | 10 | Specific examples: cattle/sheep twinning rates in (a); named drugs (penicillin, gentamicin, enrofloxacin) in (b); Indian brooder specifications (ICAR/State Agricultural University standards) in (c); age-specific incidence (2-6 weeks for encephalomalacia) in (d); specific surgical approaches (rumenotomy site, left flank) in (e) | Generic or partial examples; mentions 'antibiotics' without naming; 'vitamin E' without form (α-tocopherol); 'surgery' without specifying rumenotomy | No examples; irrelevant examples (human medicine, non-ruminant species); fabricated drug names or incorrect surgical procedures |
| Conclusion & analytical edge | 20% | 10 | Each part closes with significance: (a) economic impact of twinning in dairy; (b) rationale for mechanism-based prescribing; (c) welfare/production outcomes of proper brooding; (d) prevention through dietary formulation; (e) prognosis factors and prevention strategies; demonstrates integrated veterinary thinking | Factual endings without analytical closure; restates content without forward-looking or significance-based conclusion; some parts lack any closing | Abrupt endings; no attempt at synthesis; conclusion confused with introduction; irrelevant philosophical statements about animal welfare |
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