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Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science 2021 Paper II 50 marks Describe

Paper II — Q6

(a) Describe in detail about the cleaning and sanitation of dairy plant for processing of clean and safe milk. (20 marks) (b)…

(a) Describe in detail about the cleaning and sanitation of dairy plant for processing of clean and safe milk. (20 marks) (b) Describe the various modifications in musculo-skeletal system of fowl which help them in flight. (15 marks) (c) Discuss the role of OIE, WTO and sanitary and phytosanitary measures needed in improving the international trade in foods of animal origin. (15 marks)

हिंदी में प्रश्न पढ़ें

(a) स्वच्छ और सुरक्षित दूध के प्रसंस्करण के लिए डेयरी संयंत्र की सफाई एवं स्वच्छता के बारे में विस्तारपूर्वक वर्णन कीजिए। (20 अंक) (b) मुर्गी के मांसपेशीय एवं कंकालीय प्रणाली में विभिन्न संशोधनों का वर्णन कीजिए, जो कि उन्हें उड़ान में मदद करते हैं। (15 अंक) (c) पशुओं द्वारा उत्पन्न खाद्य पदार्थों के अंतर्राष्ट्रीय व्यापार में सुधार के लिए आवश्यक ओ। आइ। ई।, डब्ल्यू। टी। ओ। तथा स्वच्छता एवं पादप-स्वच्छता (फाइटोसैनिटरी) उपायों की भूमिका पर चर्चा कीजिए। (15 अंक)

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Directive word: Describe

This question asks you to describe. The directive word signals the depth of analysis expected, the structure of your answer, and the weight of evidence you must bring.

See our UPSC directive words guide for a full breakdown of how to respond to each command word.

How this answer will be evaluated

Approach

The primary directive is 'describe' for parts (a) and (b), while part (c) requires 'discuss'. Allocate approximately 40% of time/words to part (a) given its 20 marks, and roughly 30% each to parts (b) and (c). Structure with a brief composite introduction, then three distinct sections addressing each sub-part sequentially, followed by an integrated conclusion linking dairy safety, avian adaptation, and trade harmonization.

Key points expected

  • Part (a): CIP/SIP systems, detergent-sanitizer selection (acid/alkaline chlorinated), biofilm prevention, pasteurizer plate heat exchanger sanitation, and FSSAI/PMO standards compliance
  • Part (a): Critical control points in dairy plant sanitation including receiving area, storage tanks, filling machines, and environmental monitoring for psychrotrophs and thermodurics
  • Part (b): Pneumaticized skeleton (pneumatic bones, uncinate processes), keeled sternum with high surface area for flight muscle attachment, and fused skeletal elements (synsacrum, pygostyle)
  • Part (b): Muscle modifications including pectoralis major/minor ratio, absence of diaphragm with air sac system integration, and lightweight fast-twitch glycolytic fibers
  • Part (c): OIE's WOAH role in Terrestrial/Aquatic Animal Health Codes, WTO SPS Agreement Article 3-5 on harmonization and equivalence, and Codex Alimentarius standards for food safety
  • Part (c): India's SPS challenges including FMD-free zones, AI outbreaks and trade restrictions, and recent FSSAI-WTO notification alignment for buffalo meat and dairy exports

Evaluation rubric

DimensionWeightMax marksExcellentAveragePoor
Demand-directive understanding20%10For (a) provides systematic descriptive coverage of sanitation protocols; for (b) anatomically describes flight adaptations with functional correlations; for (c) critically discusses (not merely lists) OIE-WTO-SPS interplay with evaluative stance on India's trade positionDescribes basic sanitation steps and skeletal features adequately; discusses SPS measures descriptively without critical evaluation of institutional roles or India's implementation gapsMisinterprets directives—narrates instead of describes, or merely lists without elaboration; confuses OIE with FAO or treats all three parts identically without adjusting to 'discuss' in (c)
Content depth & accuracy20%10Demonstrates specialist knowledge: ATP bioluminescence for verification in (a); specific bone pneumaticity percentages and muscle fiber typing in (b); cites SPS Agreement Articles 5 (risk assessment) and 6 (adaptation to regional conditions) with India's FMD zoning in (c)Covers standard CIP steps, general flight adaptations, and basic SPS concepts; some technical inaccuracies (e.g., confusing HACCP with sanitation) or outdated OIE nomenclatureSuperficial coverage with significant errors: equates cleaning with sanitation, describes mammalian rather than avian skeletal features, or conflates SPS with TBT measures; omits critical technical details
Structure & flow20%10Clear tripartite organization with proportional development; effective transitions between dairy microbiology, comparative anatomy, and international regulatory frameworks; integrated conclusion synthesizing food safety across domestic production and export contextsThree distinct sections present but unevenly developed; some logical flow within parts but weak connectivity between dairy sanitation and trade sections; abrupt or missing conclusionDisorganized with mixed content across parts; disproportionate allocation (e.g., 60% on flight anatomy, minimal on dairy); no discernible introduction or conclusion; bullet points without explanatory flow
Examples / case-law / data20%10Cites NDDB's Quality Mark scheme, Amul's CIP protocols; references specific WTO disputes (India-Agricultural Products, India-Poultry); mentions India's FMD-free zones (Pondicherry, Andaman) and recent buffalo meat export destinations; uses microbial load standards (SPC <10^5/ml)General references to FSSAI regulations, common poultry breeds, and WTO existence; lacks specific case law, quantitative standards, or contemporary trade data; examples generic rather than illustrativeNo examples, data, or case references; or irrelevant examples (mammalian flight, EU dairy only without Indian context); factual errors in citing regulatory bodies or standards
Conclusion & analytical edge20%10Synthesizes how sanitation standards enable SPS compliance for export competitiveness; critically evaluates India's One Health approach integrating dairy safety, avian disease control, and trade diplomacy; proposes actionable recommendations for harmonizing domestic and international standardsSummarizes main points without synthesis; limited critical engagement—restates importance of safety and trade without analytical depth; generic recommendations without specificityAbsent or consists of mere restatement; no analytical connection between parts; concludes with unrelated platitudes; or introduces new unsubstantiated claims in conclusion

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