Which principle among the following was added to the Directive Principles of State Policy by the 42nd Amendment to the Constitution?

(a) Equal pay for equal work for both men and women
(b) Participation of workers in the management of industries ✓ UPSC's answer
(c) Right to work, education and public assistance
(d) Securing living wage and human conditions of work to workers

Why the answer is (b)

• The 42nd Amendment (1976) added four Directive Principles: Article 39(f) (healthy development of children), Article 39A (equal justice and free legal aid), Article 43A (participation of workers in management of industries) and Article 48A (environment, forests and wildlife).

• Workers' participation in management is therefore the one added — option (b).

• Equal pay (a, Article 39(d)), right to work and public assistance (c, Article 41) and living wage (d, Article 43) were in the original Constitution.

• Hence option (b).

Why the other options are wrong

(a) Equal pay for equal work for both men and women: Equal pay (Article 39(d)) was in the original Constitution.
(c) Right to work, education and public assistance: Article 41 was in the original Constitution.
(d) Securing living wage and human conditions of work to workers: Article 43 was in the original Constitution.

Asked in the GS Paper I of the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination 2017, held on 18 June 2017. Question and answer key: Union Public Service Commission. Explanation: UPSC Answer Check.