General Studies 2021 GS Paper I 15 marks 250 words Compulsory Bring out
Q12
Bring out the constructive programmes of Mahatma Gandhi during Non-Cooperation Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement. (Answer in 250 words) 15
हिंदी में प्रश्न पढ़ें
असहयोग आंदोलन एवं सविनय अवज्ञा आंदोलन के दौरान महात्मा गांधी के रचनात्मक कार्यक्रमों को स्पष्ट कीजिए । (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)
Directive word: Bring out
This question asks you to bring out. The directive word signals the depth of analysis expected, the structure of your answer, and the weight of evidence you must bring.
See our UPSC directive words guide for a full breakdown of how to respond to each command word.
How this answer will be evaluated
Approach
The directive 'bring out' requires comprehensive extraction and elaboration of Gandhi's constructive programmes during both movements. Structure as: brief introduction defining constructive programmes → separate sections for NCM (1920-22) and CDM (1930-34) programmes with specific schemes → comparative element → conclusion on their significance in nation-building.
Key points expected
- Swadeshi and khadi promotion through establishment of All India Spinners Association (1925) and All India Village Industries Association (1934)
- Hindu-Muslim unity and removal of untouchability (temple entry, Harijan welfare) as core constructive work
- National education through Gujarat Vidyapith and Kashi Vidyapith; promotion of vernacular languages
- Village upliftment through sanitation, hygiene, and economic self-sufficiency programmes
- Prohibition and labour welfare initiatives including Ahmedabad Mill Strike settlement model
- Distinctive emphasis: NCM focused more on swadeshi and national education; CDM expanded to village industries and Harijan Sevak Sangh (1932)
Evaluation rubric
| Dimension | Weight | Max marks | Excellent | Average | Poor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demand-directive understanding | 20% | 3 | Correctly interprets 'bring out' as requiring both enumeration and elaboration; covers both movements with clear temporal boundaries; distinguishes constructive programmes from political methods | Lists programmes but treats both movements together without distinction; partial coverage of one movement; conflates constructive work with non-cooperation tactics | Misinterprets directive as mere listing; focuses only on political aspects; misses constructive dimension entirely or covers only one movement |
| Content depth & accuracy | 20% | 3 | Precise institutional details (AIS A, AIVIA, Harijan Sevak Sangh); accurate chronology; explains Gandhi's rationale of 'constructive programme as foundation for swaraj' | General awareness of khadi and village work; some institutional names correct but dates confused; superficial linkage to freedom struggle | Factual errors (wrong dates, institutions); confuses constructive programmes with Civil Disobedience methods; irrelevant content on political strategies |
| Structure & flow | 20% | 3 | Clear bifurcation NCM vs CDM with thematic sub-headings; smooth transition showing evolution; integrated conclusion on continuity and expansion | Loose chronological structure; some thematic organisation but movements mixed; abrupt conclusion without synthesis | Disorganised listing; no movement-wise separation; missing introduction or conclusion; poor paragraphing within word limit |
| Examples / case-law / data | 20% | 3 | Specific institutional examples (Sadaqat Ashram, Sabarmati Ashram activities); quantitative mention (2 crore yards khadi by 1924); regional variations (Bardoli, Champaran precedents) | Generic mention of khadi and village industries; one or two institutional names; no specific data or regional examples | No concrete examples; only repetitive mention of 'spinning wheel'; irrelevant examples from post-1947 period |
| Conclusion & analytical edge | 20% | 3 | Analyses constructive programmes as 'parallel government' building national consciousness; connects to later Constitutional values (Directive Principles); evaluates limitations and enduring legacy | Standard conclusion on contribution to independence; generic praise of Gandhi's vision; no critical or forward-looking element | No conclusion or abrupt ending; purely descriptive close; contradictory or historically inaccurate final assessment |
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