General Studies 2021 GS Paper II 10 marks 150 words Compulsory Analyse

Q6

"Besides being a moral imperative of a Welfare State, primary health structure is a necessary precondition for sustainable development." Analyze. (Answer in 150 words) 10

हिंदी में प्रश्न पढ़ें

"एक कल्याणकारी राज्य की नैतिक अनिवार्यता के अलावा, प्राथमिक स्वास्थ्य संरचना धारणीय विकास की एक आवश्यक पूर्व शर्त है।" विश्लेषण कीजिए। (उत्तर 150 शब्दों में दीजिए)

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Directive word: Analyse

This question asks you to analyse. The directive word signals the depth of analysis expected, the structure of your answer, and the weight of evidence you must bring.

See our UPSC directive words guide for a full breakdown of how to respond to each command word.

How this answer will be evaluated

Approach

The directive 'analyse' requires breaking down the dual proposition—moral imperative of welfare state AND precondition for sustainable development—into constituent parts and examining their interrelationship. Structure: brief introduction acknowledging both dimensions → body analysing health as moral obligation (constitutional/rights-based) → body analysing health-SDG nexus (productivity, demographic dividend, poverty trap) → synthesis showing mutual reinforcement → concise conclusion.

Key points expected

Constitutional mandate: Article 47 (State duty to raise nutrition/health levels) and right to health as part of Article 21
Welfare State concept: reducing out-of-pocket expenditure, Ayushman Bharat, reducing catastrophic health spending
Human capital linkage: healthy workforce as prerequisite for SDG 8 (decent work) and economic productivity
Demographic dividend argument: ASHA workers, institutional deliveries reducing IMR/MMR enabling productive population
Intergenerational poverty trap: ill health perpetuating poverty, preventing SDG 1 (no poverty) achievement
SDG 3-SDG interlinkages: health enabling education (SDG 4), gender equality (SDG 5), and economic growth

Evaluation rubric

Dimension	Weight	Max marks	Excellent	Average	Poor
Demand-directive understanding	20%	2	Clearly distinguishes and integrates both prongs of the statement—treating health as moral imperative (rights/duty-based) AND as instrumental precondition for development—showing how they mutually reinforce rather than treating as separate arguments	Addresses both dimensions but treats them sequentially without explicit interlinkage; may overemphasise one aspect	Conflates the two dimensions or ignores one entirely; treats 'analyse' as mere description or list-making without examining causal mechanisms
Content depth & accuracy	20%	2	Precise reference to constitutional provisions (Art 47, 21), accurate SDG linkages, and correct technical terms (catastrophic health expenditure, out-of-pocket spending, social determinants of health)	Broadly correct content but imprecise on constitutional articles or conflates primary/secondary/tertiary health care; generic SDG references without specificity	Factual errors on constitutional mandates, confuses health infrastructure levels, or makes unsupported claims about health-economy linkages
Structure & flow	20%	2	Tight 150-word discipline with clear paragraph transition from normative (welfare state) to instrumental (development) to synthesis; logical progression without repetition	Adequate structure but uneven weightage (one dimension overdeveloped), or abrupt transitions; minor repetition due to poor planning	Disorganised with no discernible argument flow; bullet points without integration; significantly over/under word limit affecting coherence
Examples / case-law / data	20%	2	Specific Indian evidence: NFHS-5 data on institutional deliveries, Ayushman Bharat coverage figures, Kerala/Tamil Nadu model vs BIMARU states, or Supreme Court rulings (Parmanand Katara, Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samity)	Generic references to 'government schemes' without naming; vague regional comparisons without specificity; no data or dated data	No Indian examples; irrelevant international cases without India application; fabricated statistics or schemes
Conclusion & analytical edge	20%	2	Synthesises both dimensions into unified insight—e.g., health as 'foundational capability' (Sen) enabling both dignity and development; or critical note on underfunding (1.15% GDP) undermining both objectives	Summary restatement without synthesis; or one-sided conclusion emphasising only moral or only instrumental aspect	No conclusion; abrupt ending; or tangential recommendation unrelated to the analytical task; purely aspirational statement without analytical grounding

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