Q1 50M Compulsory state Index numbers, IRM, world class manufacturing, Chi-Square test, value analysis
(a) State the chief characteristics of Index Numbers. (10 marks)
(b) What do you mean by Information Resource Management ? State its features. (10 marks)
(c) State the attributes of world class manufacturing which are aimed to fulfil the customer demands. (10 marks)
(d) State the characteristics of Chi-Square Test. (10 marks)
(e) State the symptoms when the value analysis is to be initiated in a company. (10 marks)
हिंदी में पढ़ें
(a) सूचकांकों की प्रमुख विशेषताएँ बताइए । (10 अंक)
(b) सूचना संसाधन प्रबंध से आपका क्या अभिप्राय है ? इसकी विशेषताएँ बताइए । (10 अंक)
(c) विश्व स्तरीय विनिर्माण के गुण बताइए जिनका लक्ष्य ग्राहक की माँग को पूर्ण करना है । (10 अंक)
(d) काई-वर्ग (स्क्वायर) परीक्षण की विशेषताएँ बताइए । (10 अंक)
(e) एक कंपनी में मूल्य विश्लेषण आरंभ करने के लक्षण बताइए । (10 अंक)
Answer approach & key points
(a) highlight: name the salient points > one line of substance each > close | (b) explain: definition/context > points in order > small example > short close | (c) highlight: name the salient points > one line of substance each > close | (d) highlight: name the salient points > one line of substance each > close | (e) highlight: name the salient points > one line of substance each > close Full marks: Precise, technical terminology; clear distinction between concepts; well-structured points.
- Specialised average with a base period
- Measures relative change
- Measures what is not directly observable
- Purpose-specific; dependent on base and weights
- Information managed as an organisational resource
- Life-cycle view
- Integration of data, systems, technology and people
- Strategic alignment, quality, security
- Quality, cost and delivery
- Flexibility and innovation
- Continuous improvement and empowered staff
- Supplier partnership and service
- Non-parametric test on frequencies
- Statistic and its non-negative skewed distribution
- Degrees of freedom, additivity, right-tailed
- Uses and conditions
- Rising costs and falling margins
- Competitors' lower prices; falling sales
- Quality complaints, scrap and over-specification
- New technology and life-cycle stage
Q2 50M solve Chi-Square test, t-test, linear programming problem
(a) The following table gives the production in three shifts and the corresponding number of defective goods that turned out in three weeks. Test at 5% level of significance whether weeks and shifts are independent.
Table :
| Shift | 1st week | 2nd week | 3rd week | Total |
|-------|---------|---------|---------|-------|
| I | 20 | 20 | 20 | 60 |
| II | 5 | 10 | 15 | 30 |
| III | 15 | 20 | 25 | 60 |
| Total | 40 | 50 | 60 | 150 |
(15 marks)
(b) A random sample of 10 bags of urea are found to have the following weights (kg) : 40, 45, 49, 50, 55, 44, 52, 48, 50, 45
Test at 5% level of significance whether the average packing weight can be taken as 50 kg. (15 marks)
(c) A firm produces three products A, B and C which pass through three departments : Milling, Lathe and Grinder.
Each unit of Product A requires 8, 4 and 2 hours respectively in the three departments.
Each unit of Product B requires 2, 3 and 0 hours respectively in the three departments.
Each unit of Product C requires 3, 0 and 1 hours respectively in the three departments.
The available capacity on the machines which might limit output is given below.
Table : Capacity of the Machines for Production
| Machine Type | Available time (in machine hours per week) |
|---|---|
| Milling Machine | 250 |
| Lathe Machine | 150 |
| Grinder Machine | 50 |
The unit profit would be : ₹ 20, ₹ 6 and ₹ 8 for products A, B and C respectively.
(i) Formulate the problem in LPP.
(ii) How much of each product should the firm produce in order to maximize profit ? (8+12=20 marks)
हिंदी में पढ़ें
(a) निम्नलिखित तालिका तीन पालियों में उत्पादन और तीन सप्ताहों में निकले दोषपूर्ण माल की संबंधित संख्या देती है । 5% सार्थकता स्तर पर परीक्षण कीजिए कि क्या सप्ताह और पाली स्वतंत्र हैं ।
तालिका :
| पाली | प्रथम सप्ताह | द्वितीय सप्ताह | तृतीय सप्ताह | योग |
|------|-----------|------------|-----------|-----|
| प्रथम | 20 | 20 | 20 | 60 |
| द्वितीय | 5 | 10 | 15 | 30 |
| तृतीय | 15 | 20 | 25 | 60 |
| योग | 40 | 50 | 60 | 150 |
(15 अंक)
(b) 10 बैग यूरिया का एक यादृच्छिक नमूना निम्न भार (किलोग्राम) के अनुसार है : 40, 45, 49, 50, 55, 44, 52, 48, 50, 45
5% सार्थकता स्तर पर परीक्षण कीजिए कि क्या औसत पैकिंग भार 50 किलोग्राम लिया जा सकता है । (15 अंक)
(c) एक फर्म तीन उत्पादों अ, ब एवं स का उत्पादन करती है, जो कि तीन विभागों : मिलिंग, लेथ एवं ग्राइंडर से होकर गुजरते हैं ।
उत्पाद अ की प्रत्येक इकाई को क्रमशः: 8, 4 एवं 2 घंटों की तीन विभागों में आवश्यकता है ।
उत्पाद ब की प्रत्येक इकाई को क्रमशः: 2, 3 एवं 0 घंटों की तीन विभागों में आवश्यकता है ।
उत्पाद स की प्रत्येक इकाई को क्रमशः: 3, 0 एवं 1 घंटों की तीन विभागों में आवश्यकता है ।
मशीनों पर उपलब्ध क्षमता, जो कि आउटपुट को सीमित करती है, निम्नवत् है ।
तालिका : उत्पादन हेतु मशीन की क्षमता
| मशीन का प्रकार | उपलब्ध समय (मशीन घंटे प्रति सप्ताह) |
|---|---|
| मिलिंग मशीन | 250 |
| लेथ मशीन | 150 |
| ग्राइंडर मशीन | 50 |
उत्पाद अ, ब एवं स के लिए प्रति इकाई लाभ क्रमशः: ₹ 20, ₹ 6 तथा ₹ 8 होगा ।
(i) प्रश्न को एल.पी.पी. में सूत्रबद्ध (सुविन्यस्त) कीजिए ।
(ii) अधिकतम लाभ प्राप्त करने के लिए, फर्म को प्रत्येक उत्पाद का कितना उत्पादन करना चाहिए ? (8+12=20 अंक)
Answer approach & key points
Framework: Chi-square test of independence, t-test for mean, Linear Programming (LPP). (a) calculate: given > formula > substitution > result with units > interpretation | (b) calculate: given > formula > substitution > result with units > interpretation | (c(i)) derive: given > assumptions > stepwise derivation > result > check | (c(ii)) calculate: given > formula > substitution > result with units > interpretation Full marks: Accurate calculations, correct statistical tests, and complete LPP formulation with optimal solution.
- Hypotheses and expected frequencies 16, 20, 24 / 8, 10, 12 / 16, 20, 24
- Chi-square = 3.646
- Degrees of freedom 4; table value 9.488
- Conclusion: independent
- Hypotheses and choice of t-test
- Mean 47.8 and s 4.367
- t = -1.593 with 9 degrees of freedom
- Table value 2.262; conclusion
- Decision variables
- Objective: maximise 20x1 + 6x2 + 8x3
- Three constraints with the correct coefficients
- Non-negativity
- Slack variables and initial simplex solution
- Entering and leaving variables each iteration
- Optimal plan: A 0, B 50, C 50
- Maximum profit 700 with a check
Q3 50M state Operations management and decision making
(a) State the different forms of waste management. 15 marks
(b) State the various factors affecting plant location. 15 marks
(c) An automobile company has additional capacity that can be used to manufacture brakes that the company is presently buying for ₹ 500 each. If the company makes the brakes, it will incur materials cost of ₹ 100 per unit, labour cost of ₹ 130 per unit and variable overhead cost of ₹ 30 per unit.
The annual fixed cost associated with the unused capacity is ₹ 2,50,000. Demand over the next year is estimated to be 5000 units of brakes.
(i) Would it be profitable for the company to manufacture the brakes ?
(ii) Suppose the capacity could be used by another department for production of some agricultural equipment that would cover its fixed and variable cost and contribute ₹ 1,00,000 to profit. Which would be more advantageous, brakes production or agricultural equipment production ? 12+8=20 marks
हिंदी में पढ़ें
(a) अपशिष्ट (वेस्ट) प्रबंधन के विभिन्न स्वरूप बताइए । 15
(b) संयंत्र स्थान को प्रभावित करने वाले विभिन्न घटक बताइए । 15
(c) एक ऑटोमोबाइल कंपनी अपनी अतिरिक्त क्षमता का उपयोग ब्रेक्स निर्माण में कर सकती है, जो कि अभी कंपनी ₹ 500 प्रति में क्रय कर रही है । यदि कंपनी ब्रेक्स बनाती है, तो उस पर सामग्री लागत ₹ 100 प्रति इकाई, मजदूरी लागत ₹ 130 प्रति इकाई एवं परिवर्तनीय उपरिव्यय लागत ₹ 30 प्रति इकाई आती है ।
वार्षिक स्थायी लागत जो अप्रयुक्त क्षमता से संबंधित है ₹ 2,50,000 है । आगामी वर्ष की ब्रेक्स की अनुमानित मांग 5000 इकाई है ।
(i) क्या ब्रेक्स का निर्माण करना कंपनी के लिए लाभप्रद होगा ?
(ii) मान लीजिए क्षमता अन्य विभाग द्वारा कृषि उपकरणों के उत्पादन पर प्रयोग होगी जो कि स्थायी एवं परिवर्तनीय लागत को कवर (सम्मिलित) कर लेगी तथा ₹ 1,00,000 लाभ में योगदान करेगी । ब्रेक्स के निर्माण अथवा कृषि उपकरणों के निर्माण में कौन-सा निर्माण अधिक लाभदायक होगा ? 12+8=20
Answer approach & key points
Framework: Make-or-Buy Decision Analysis. (a) enumerate: list the items in order > one line each > no commentary | (b) enumerate: list the items in order > one line each > no commentary | (c(i)) calculate: given > formula > substitution > result with units > interpretation | (c(ii)) evaluate: criteria > evidence > balanced judgment Full marks: Comprehensive, accurate calculations, clear decision-making, and insightful analysis of all factors.
- Source reduction and reuse
- Recycling, composting, biomethanation
- Energy recovery and treatment
- Safe disposal; waste streams and rules
- Raw materials and market
- Labour, transport, power and water
- Land, climate, government policy
- Environment, community and ancillary industries
- Relevant costs: materials 100, labour 130, variable overhead 30
- Make cost 260 against buy cost 500
- Saving 240 per unit
- Fixed costs ignored; conclusion
- Opportunity cost of 1,00,000
- Gain from brakes 240 x Q
- Break-even about 417 units
- Decision rule with examples
Q4 50M discuss Information systems and e-Governance
(a) (i) Define e-Governance.
(ii) State the advantages of e-Governance.
(iii) State the e-Governance initiatives. 5+5+5=15 marks
(b) (i) Define DSS.
(ii) State the main characteristics of DSS.
(iii) State the components of DSS. 5+5+5=15 marks
(c) (i) Define ERP.
(ii) Discuss the various types of Information Systems.
(iii) Define Expert System. State its common characteristics. 6+7+7=20 marks
हिंदी में पढ़ें
(a) (i) ई-गवर्नेंस को परिभाषित कीजिए ।
(ii) ई-गवर्नेंस के लाभ बताइए ।
(iii) ई-गवर्नेंस पहलों (इनिशिएटिव्स) के बारे में बताइए । 5+5+5=15
(b) (i) डी.एस.एस. को परिभाषित कीजिए ।
(ii) डी.एस.एस. की प्रमुख विशेषताएँ बताइए ।
(iii) डी.एस.एस. के अवयव बताइए । 5+5+5=15
(c) (i) ई.आर.पी. को परिभाषित कीजिए ।
(ii) विभिन्न प्रकार की सूचना प्रणालियों की चर्चा कीजिए ।
(iii) विशेषज्ञ प्रणाली को परिभाषित कीजिए तथा उसकी सामान्य विशेषताएँ बताइए । 6+7+7=20
Answer approach & key points
(a(i)) define: precise definition > the distinguishing feature > one example | (a(ii)) highlight: name the salient points > one line of substance each > close | (a(iii)) enumerate: list the items in order > one line each > no commentary | (b(i)) define: precise definition > the distinguishing feature > one example | (b(ii)) highlight: name the salient points > one line of substance each > close | (b(iii)) enumerate: list the items in order > one line each > no commentary | (c(i)) define: precise definition > the distinguishing feature > one example | (c(ii)) discuss: intro > 3-4 dimensions > example > balanced close | (c(iii)) define: precise definition > the distinguishing feature > one example Full marks: Precise definitions, clear distinction between concepts, specific examples, and accurate listing of components/characteristics.
- ICT use by government
- Service delivery and processes
- Aim: efficiency, transparency, accountability
- Example
- Faster, cheaper services
- Transparency and less corruption
- Accountability and access
- Better decisions and participation
- NeGP and Digital India
- Aadhaar, DBT, DigiLocker, UMANG
- MCA21, GSTN, GeM, e-NAM, e-Courts
- State examples: Bhoomi, FRIENDS
- Interactive computer-based system
- For semi-structured and unstructured problems
- Data, models and interface
- Example
- Semi-structured decisions
- Interactive and user-friendly
- Models, what-if analysis
- Flexible; improves effectiveness
- Database subsystem
- Model base subsystem
- User interface
- User
- Integrated software across functions
- Single common database
- Real-time information flow
- Example
- Transaction processing and office systems
- MIS and DSS
- Executive information systems
- Expert and enterprise systems
- Knowledge base of human experts
- Inference engine and rules
- Explanation and handling uncertainty
- Narrow domain; example