Psychology 2024 Paper II 50 marks 150 words Compulsory Distinguish

Q1

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) Distinguish hallucinations and delusions with suitable examples. 10 (b) Evaluate the current status of career counselling in India. 10 (c) What is ergonomics ? Explain the benefits of ergonomics in the work place with suitable examples. 10 (d) Write a note on transference versus countertransference in the context of psychodynamic therapies. 10 (e) Describe 'revolving door phenomenon' in the context of community based mental health services. 10

हिंदी में प्रश्न पढ़ें

निम्नलिखित में से प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर लगभग 150 शब्दों में दीजिए : (a) उपयुक्त उदाहरणों की सहायता से विभ्रमों तथा मतिभ्रमों के मध्य अंतर स्पष्ट कीजिए । 10 (b) भारतवर्ष में कैरियर परामर्श की वर्तमान स्थिति का मूल्यांकन कीजिए । 10 (c) श्रमदक्षताशास्त्र (अगोनामिक्स) क्या है ? कार्यस्थल में श्रमदक्षताशास्त्र के लाभों की व्याख्या, उपयुक्त उदाहरणों के साथ कीजिए । 10 (d) मनोगतात्मक चिकित्साविधियों के संदर्भ में अन्यारोपण तथा प्रतिअन्यारोपण पर टिप्पणी लिखिए । 10 (e) समुदाय आधारित मानसिक स्वास्थ्य सेवाओं के संदर्भ में 'भ्रमणशील द्वार परिघटना' (रिवाल्विंग दोर फेनोमेनन) का वर्णन कीजिए । 10

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Directive word: Distinguish

This question asks you to distinguish. The directive word signals the depth of analysis expected, the structure of your answer, and the weight of evidence you must bring.

See our UPSC directive words guide for a full breakdown of how to respond to each command word.

How this answer will be evaluated

Approach

This multi-part question requires approximately 150 words per sub-part (30 words per mark). Begin with (a) distinguishing hallucinations (perceptual, no stimulus) from delusions (cognitive, false belief) with clinical examples; (b) evaluate career counselling status using NEP 2020 and NCERT initiatives; (c) define ergonomics then explain benefits like reduced MSDs with IT sector examples; (d) contrast transference (client→therapist) and countertransference (therapist→client) in psychodynamic context; (e) describe revolving door phenomenon of repeated hospitalization-discharge cycles. Allocate roughly equal time per part, using precise terminology and Indian illustrations throughout.

Key points expected

  • (a) Hallucinations: perceptual experiences without external stimulus (auditory in schizophrenia); Delusions: fixed false beliefs despite contrary evidence (persecutory, grandiose); clear distinction in sensory vs cognitive domain
  • (b) Current status: NEP 2020 emphasis on career guidance, NCERT's career portal, limited trained professionals, urban-rural divide, need for integration with mental health services
  • (c) Ergonomics: fitting work to worker; benefits—reduced musculoskeletal disorders, enhanced productivity, decreased fatigue; examples: software industry workstations, manufacturing tool design
  • (d) Transference: client projects past feelings onto therapist; Countertransference: therapist's emotional reaction to client; significance in Freudian psychoanalysis for therapeutic alliance
  • (e) Revolving door: repeated psychiatric hospitalization and discharge due to poor community follow-up, medication non-adherence, social stigma; challenges for NMHP and DMHP implementation

Evaluation rubric

DimensionWeightMax marksExcellentAveragePoor
Concept correctness20%10Precise definitions across all parts: hallucinations as perceptual without stimulus vs delusions as cognitive false beliefs; ergonomics as human factors engineering; transference/countertransference directionality; revolving door as cyclical readmission patternGenerally accurate definitions but blurred boundaries (e.g., confusing hallucinations with illusions) or incomplete coverage of 1-2 sub-partsFundamental conceptual errors like equating hallucinations with delusions, misidentifying transference direction, or vague/generic definitions
Theory & studies cited20%10References DSM-5 criteria for hallucinations/delusions; cites Freud/Breuer on transference; mentions NEP 2020, NCERT career initiatives; ILO/WHO ergonomics guidelines; NMHP/DMHP for revolving doorMentions some theoretical frameworks but lacks specific attribution or mixes outdated theories; limited policy referencesNo theoretical grounding; purely descriptive without citing any psychological frameworks, policies, or seminal studies
Application examples20%10Specific Indian examples: auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia; NCS-NCERT portal for career counselling; IT sector ergonomic interventions (TCS, Infosys); psychodynamic case illustrations; District Mental Health Programme gaps causing revolving doorGeneric examples without Indian context or superficial illustrations that don't demonstrate applied understandingMissing examples entirely or using irrelevant/inappropriate illustrations that misrepresent the concepts
Multi-perspective analysis20%10For (a) biological vs psychological perspectives; (b) policy vs implementation gaps; (c) worker safety vs organizational productivity; (d) therapeutic benefit vs risk; (e) patient, family, and systemic perspectives on community careLimited perspective-taking; mostly single-dimension treatment of sub-parts without integrating multiple viewpointsUnidimensional treatment; no recognition of competing perspectives or complexities in any sub-part
Conclusion & evaluation20%10Synthesizes across parts: importance of accurate diagnosis for treatment (a,d); integration of career and mental health services (b,e); holistic workplace wellbeing (c); forward-looking recommendations for community mental healthSummarizes points without synthesis; generic concluding statements not tied to specific sub-part insightsAbrupt ending without conclusion; or completely missing evaluative component despite 'evaluate' directive in (b)

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