Q7
(a) Contemporary urbanism advocates the integration of diverse modes of urban planning and management concerns. Discuss the above statement in light of urban development in India. (20 marks) (b) Rural development programmes are designed to facilitate multifaceted growth of rural poor. Evaluate the role of some key rural development programmes in India in this context. (20 marks) (c) Police-public relations in India need to be improved. Suggest measures to strengthen relations between police and public. (10 marks)
हिंदी में प्रश्न पढ़ें
(a) समकालीन नगरवाद नगर योजना तथा प्रबंधन सरोकारों के विविध रूपों के समाकलन का पक्ष समर्थन करता है। भारत में नगर विकास के आलोक में उक्त कथन की विवेचना कीजिये। (20 अंक) (b) ग्रामीण विकास कार्यक्रम ग्रामीण निर्धन के बहुमुखी विकास को सुगम बनाने के लिये तैयार किये गये हैं। इस संदर्भ में भारत में कुछ मुख्य ग्रामीण विकास कार्यक्रमों की भूमिका की विवेचना कीजिये। (20 अंक) (c) भारत में पुलिस-जन संबंधों को सुधारने की आवश्यकता है। पुलिस और जनता के मध्य संबंधों को सुदृढ़ करने के उपाय सुझाइये। (10 अंक)
Directive word: Discuss
This question asks you to discuss. The directive word signals the depth of analysis expected, the structure of your answer, and the weight of evidence you must bring.
See our UPSC directive words guide for a full breakdown of how to respond to each command word.
How this answer will be evaluated
Approach
The question demands a multi-part response with varying directives: 'discuss' for (a), 'evaluate' for (b), and 'suggest' for (c). Allocate approximately 40% of word budget to part (a) given its theoretical depth on contemporary urbanism, 35% to part (b) for programme evaluation, and 25% to part (c) for concise, actionable suggestions. Structure with a brief composite introduction, three distinct sections addressing each sub-part with clear sub-headings, and an integrated conclusion linking urban-rural governance with citizen-centric administration.
Key points expected
- For (a): Explain contemporary urbanism concepts (smart cities, compact cities, sustainable urbanism) and demonstrate integration of spatial, environmental, social and economic planning concerns in Indian context
- For (a): Critically examine Indian urban initiatives—Smart Cities Mission, AMRUT, HRIDAY—showing how they attempt integrated planning or fall short through siloed implementation
- For (b): Evaluate MGNREGA, NRLM, PMAY-G and DAY-NRLM on multidimensional poverty reduction, asset creation, skill development and social mobilization dimensions
- For (b): Assess gaps in rural programmes—convergence failures, elite capture, delayed payments, weak M&E—and their impact on multifaceted growth outcomes
- For (c): Diagnose police-public relations problems—trust deficit, colonial legacy, politicization, lack of community engagement—and suggest reforms from Supreme Court directives, Police Act reforms, and community policing models
- Cross-cutting: Link urban-rural governance fragmentation with need for citizen-centric administration and responsive policing as unified governance challenge
Evaluation rubric
| Dimension | Weight | Max marks | Excellent | Average | Poor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Concept correctness | 20% | 10 | For (a), accurately defines contemporary urbanism (new urbanism, sustainable urbanism, compact city) and distinguishes integrated from sectoral planning; for (b), correctly identifies multifaceted growth dimensions (economic, social, human, political); for (c), precisely diagnoses police-public relations issues using concepts like legitimacy, procedural justice, and police accountability | Provides basic definitions but conflates contemporary urbanism with general urban development; lists rural programme objectives without linking to multifaceted growth framework; describes police problems superficially without conceptual framing | Misunderstands core concepts—treats contemporary urbanism as merely 'modern cities', confuses rural development with agricultural growth, or reduces police-public relations to law and order alone |
| Theoretical anchor | 20% | 10 | For (a), deploys theories: Harvey's entrepreneurial urbanism, Sassen's global city thesis, or Campbell's planning theory; for (b), applies Sen's capability approach or Chambers' participatory development; for (c), references Bayley's police legitimacy theory, Tyler's procedural justice, or Reiss's police organization theory | Mentions theories in passing without systematic application; or uses generic development/administrative theories without specific linkage to question parts | No theoretical framework; purely descriptive treatment of all three parts without any scholarly grounding |
| Indian administrative examples | 20% | 10 | For (a), cites specific cases: Ahmedabad's BRT, Chennai's flood resilience planning, or Kochi-Muziris Biennale's cultural urbanism; for (b), references Kudumbashree, MKSP, or specific MGNREGA success stories (Kerala's asset creation); for (c), names Janamaithri Suraksha Project (Kerala), Mohalla Committees (Maharashtra), or Bhopal's community policing with concrete outcomes | Lists schemes (Smart Cities, MGNREGA, community policing) without specific case illustrations; or provides generic examples without administrative detail | No Indian examples or irrelevant foreign examples dominating; factual errors in scheme identification or implementation status |
| Reform / policy angle | 20% | 10 | For (a), proposes metropolitan governance reforms, 74th CA strengthening, or integrated city development plans; for (b), suggests PRI-federal scheme convergence, social audit institutionalization, or NRLM-MGNREGA integration; for (c), recommends Police Commissionerate system expansion, Ribeiro Committee implementation, or SC's Prakash Singh directives with implementation roadmap | Mentions reforms generically without specificity; or conflates ongoing schemes with reform proposals without critical distinction | No reform suggestions or purely aspirational statements without administrative feasibility; ignores structural constraints in all three domains |
| Conclusion & forward look | 20% | 10 | Synthesizes three domains into coherent governance narrative—urban-rural integration through responsive administration and trust-based policing; offers specific forward measures (Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority, Gram Panchayat Development Plans with police participation, technology-enabled grievance redressal) and acknowledges implementation challenges realistically | Summarizes main points without synthesis; generic conclusion on 'good governance' without domain-specific forward look | No conclusion or abrupt ending; or conclusion merely repeats introduction without value addition; no forward-looking element |
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