Civil Engineering 2021 Paper II 50 marks Solve

Q2

(a) For a small project, the number of masons required is shown. The table also indicates the duration of each activity along with the masons required. Carry out the resource allocation with unlimited and limited number of resources. Indicate the advantages and disadvantages of both. 20 marks (b) There is a horizontal curve of radius 400 m and length 200 m on a highway. Compute the set-back distances required from the centre line on the inner side of the curve so as to provide for : (i) stopping sight distance of 100 m (ii) safe overtaking sight distance of 320 m The distance between the centre lines of the road and the inner lane is 1·9 m. 15 marks (c) A dumpy level was set up at P exactly between A and B, 50 m apart. The readings on staff held at A and B were 2·4 m and 1·4 m respectively. The instrument was then shifted and set up at Q on the line BA produced at 10 m from A. The readings on staff held at A and B were respectively 2·50 m and 1·4 m. Determine the staff reading on A and B to give a horizontal line of sight. Determine R.L. of B if that of A is 200·00 m. 15 marks

हिंदी में प्रश्न पढ़ें

(a) एक छोटी परियोजना के लिए आवश्यक राजमिस्त्रियों की संख्या दर्शाई गयी है । तालिका प्रत्येक क्रिया की अवधि के साथ आवश्यक राजमिस्त्रियों को भी दर्शाती है । संसाधनों की असीमित एवं सीमित संख्या के साथ संसाधन नियतन कार्यान्वित कीजिए । दोनों के लाभ एवं हानियाँ बताइए । 20 अंक (b) एक राजमार्ग पर 400 m त्रिज्या एवं 200 m लंबाई का एक क्षैतिज वक्र है । वक्र की मध्यरेखा से अंदर की ओर आवश्यक पश्चात्तर (सेट बैक) दूरियों की गणना निम्नलिखित को प्रदान करने के लिए कीजिए : (i) 100 m की विराम दृष्टि दूरी (स्टॉपिंग साइट डिस्टेंस) (ii) 320 m की सुरक्षित अभिलंघन दृष्टि दूरी (ओवरटेकिंग साइट डिस्टेंस) सड़क की एवं आंतरिक लेन की मध्यरेखाओं के बीच की दूरी 1·9 है । 15 अंक (c) एक डंपी तलमापी, परस्पर 50 m दूर A एवं B के ठीक मध्य में P पर स्थापित किया गया । A एवं B पर गज (स्टाफ) पाठ्यांक क्रमशः: 2·4 m एवं 1·4 m थे । उपकरण को फिर हटाकर, बढ़ाई गयी रेखा BA पर, A से 10 m दूर Q पर स्थापित किया गया । A एवं B पर रखे गज पर पाठ्यांक क्रमशः: 2·50 m एवं 1·4 m थे । क्षैतिज दृष्टि रेखा देने के लिए A एवं B पर गज पाठ्यांक ज्ञात कीजिए । B का समानीत तल निर्धारित कीजिए यदि A का 200·00 m है । 15 अंक

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How this answer will be evaluated

Approach

This question demands solving three distinct numerical problems covering resource allocation in project management, highway geometric design, and surveying calculations. The answer should present each part sequentially with clear problem identification, application of correct formulae, systematic calculations, and final verification of results. Part (a) requires resource leveling/ smoothing with Gantt charts or histograms, Part (b) needs set-back distance calculations using IRC standards, and Part (c) involves reciprocal leveling and collimation error determination.

Key points expected

Part (a): Resource allocation with unlimited resources (resource leveling) and limited resources (resource smoothing) using histograms, identification of peak demand and resource constraints
Part (a): Clear advantages and disadvantages of both methods including cost implications, project duration impact, and resource utilization efficiency
Part (b): Correct application of set-back distance formulae for SSD (m < R) and OSD cases, accounting for lane offset of 1.9 m from center line
Part (c): Calculation of true staff readings using reciprocal leveling principles, elimination of collimation error, and determination of R.L. of B
Part (c): Recognition that instrument at P gives true difference of level, while Q setup reveals collimation error through inconsistent readings

Evaluation rubric

Dimension	Weight	Max marks	Excellent	Average	Poor
Concept correctness	20%	10	Correctly identifies resource leveling vs. smoothing concepts, applies IRC:73-1980 for set-back distances with proper case selection (SSD when S<L, m<R), and uses reciprocal leveling principle for error elimination; recognizes that true difference from P setup is 1.0 m and collimation error exists at Q	Mixes up resource leveling and smoothing definitions, applies approximate formulas for set-back distances without checking S vs. L condition, attempts leveling calculations but confuses B.S. and F.S. concepts or misapplies error correction	Fundamental confusion between unlimited and limited resource allocation, uses wrong formula (simple circular curve offset) for set-back distance, or completely misunderstands reciprocal leveling as two-peg test without error calculation
Numerical accuracy	25%	12.5	Part (a): Correct peak resource demand and final allocation figures; Part (b): SSD set-back = 6.25 m and OSD set-back = 31.25 m (or precise calculated values); Part (c): Collimation error = +0.033 m, corrected readings 2.433 m at A and 1.433 m at B, R.L. of B = 201.00 m; all calculations show proper unit handling	Minor arithmetic errors in one part (e.g., set-back distance calculation missing lane offset adjustment, or rounding errors in leveling), correct method but final answers slightly off; resource histogram totals correct but scheduling errors present	Major calculation errors across multiple parts, wrong formula substitution (e.g., using S²/8R for SSD when m>R condition needed), or computational mistakes leading to absurd results (negative R.L., set-back exceeding radius)
Diagram quality	15%	7.5	Clear resource histograms for part (a) showing daily mason requirements before and after allocation, with time-scaled bars and resource loading table; neat sketch for part (b) showing curve geometry, sight line, lane positions, and set-back dimension; leveling sketch for part (c) with instrument positions P and Q clearly marked	Diagrams present but lack clarity in scaling, missing key dimensions, or resource histograms without proper time axis labeling; highway curve sketch omits lane offset or sight line indication; leveling diagram misses distance annotations	No diagrams despite requirement for visualization, or completely irrelevant sketches; messy freehand drawings without labels, or diagrams that contradict numerical working (e.g., showing convex curve for sight distance)
Step-by-step derivation	25%	12.5	Part (a): Step-wise construction of resource histogram, identification of peak, float utilization for smoothing; Part (b): Explicit check of S<L and m<R conditions, formula selection, algebraic substitution; Part (c): Clear establishment of true level difference, error calculation from Q setup, correction application, and final R.L. computation with verification	Some steps skipped or combined, particularly in resource allocation logic or error derivation; final answers correct but intermediate steps unclear; missing condition checks (e.g., not verifying if overtaking sight distance exceeds curve length)	No derivation shown—only final answers; or illogical sequence jumping from given data to answer without formulae; major gaps in working such as missing error calculation in part (c) or direct application of wrong formula in part (b)
Practical interpretation	15%	7.5	Part (a): Discusses cost-time trade-offs, labor idle time, and project delay implications for Indian construction scenarios; Part (b): Relates set-back to IRC standards, mentions sight line obstruction by cut slopes or structures; Part (c): Explains significance of collimation error in precise leveling for highway surveys, suggests two-peg test frequency	Generic statements about resource efficiency or safety without specific context; mentions standards without explaining their application; basic acknowledgment that error should be minimized without practical implications	No interpretation provided—purely mathematical exercise; or incorrect practical conclusions (e.g., suggesting unlimited resources always preferred regardless of cost, or claiming set-back distance is for outer lane)

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