General Studies 2023 GS Paper III 10 marks 150 words Compulsory Explain

Q5

Introduce the concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI). How does AI help clinical diagnosis? Do you perceive any threat to privacy of the individual in the use of AI in healthcare? (Answer in 150 words) 10

हिंदी में प्रश्न पढ़ें

कृत्रिम बुद्धि (ए० आई०) की अवधारणा का परिचय दीजिए। ए० आई० क्लिनिकल निदान में कैसे मदद करता है? क्या आप स्वास्थ्य सेवा में ए० आई० के उपयोग में व्यक्ति की निजता को कोई खतरा महसूस करते हैं? (उत्तर 150 शब्दों में दीजिए)

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Directive word: Explain

This question asks you to explain. The directive word signals the depth of analysis expected, the structure of your answer, and the weight of evidence you must bring.

See our UPSC directive words guide for a full breakdown of how to respond to each command word.

How this answer will be evaluated

Approach

The question demands explaining AI conceptually, then elucidating its diagnostic applications, and finally examining privacy threats—requiring balanced coverage across all three components in 150 words. Structure as: brief AI definition (20 words) → diagnostic mechanisms with Indian context (60 words) → privacy risks with mitigation (60 words) → balanced conclusion (10 words).

Key points expected

Clear, concise definition of AI emphasizing machine learning and pattern recognition capabilities
Specific diagnostic applications: medical imaging analysis, predictive analytics, drug discovery, and personalized treatment recommendations
Indian healthcare AI examples: NITI Aayog's National Strategy for AI, AI-powered TB screening by Qure.ai, or ICMR's ethical guidelines
Privacy threats: data breaches, algorithmic bias, re-identification risks, lack of informed consent, and commercial exploitation of health data
Relevant frameworks: Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023, IT Rules 2011, or proposed DISHA Act provisions
Balanced conclusion acknowledging AI's transformative potential while emphasizing need for robust privacy safeguards and ethical AI deployment

Evaluation rubric

Dimension	Weight	Max marks	Excellent	Average	Poor
Demand-directive understanding	20%	2	Addresses all three explicit demands—AI introduction, clinical diagnosis explanation, AND privacy threat analysis—with equal weightage; no component ignored or disproportionately treated	Covers two components adequately but either misses one entirely or gives token treatment; may confuse 'explain' with mere listing	Misinterprets directive by providing only definition or description without explanatory depth; significant demand left unaddressed
Content depth & accuracy	20%	2	Technically accurate on AI mechanisms (neural networks, deep learning in imaging); precise on diagnostic workflows; correctly identifies specific privacy vulnerabilities like re-identification and profiling	Generally accurate but vague on technical specifics; conflates AI with automation; privacy threats mentioned generically without specificity	Factual errors in AI functioning; incorrect or outdated diagnostic applications; privacy concerns misidentified or confused with general cybersecurity
Structure & flow	20%	2	Seamless tripartite structure with clear transitions; each section proportionate (≈50 words each for diagnosis and privacy); maintains logical progression from opportunity to risk	Recognizable structure but uneven weightage; abrupt transitions; either diagnosis or privacy section dominates disproportionately	Disorganized or stream-of-consciousness writing; no discernible sections; word limit violated significantly (under 120 or over 170 words)
Examples / case-law / data	20%	2	Includes at least one Indian healthcare AI deployment (Qure.ai, SigTuple, or government initiatives like AIIMS-INCLEN collaboration) AND references DPDP Act 2023 or proposed DISHA for privacy framework	Generic international examples (IBM Watson) without Indian context; or mentions 'privacy laws' without specific statute; examples not tightly integrated	No examples whatsoever; or irrelevant examples from non-healthcare domains; completely misses Indian regulatory context despite direct relevance
Conclusion & analytical edge	20%	2	Synthesizes tension between diagnostic promise and privacy imperative; offers nuanced forward-looking view on ethical AI governance, patient-centric design, or regulatory sandbox approach	Balanced but generic conclusion ('AI is double-edged sword'); no original insight; merely restates points without synthesis	No conclusion; or one-sided advocacy either uncritically praising AI or rejecting it entirely; no recognition of complexity in healthcare AI deployment

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