Agriculture 2024 Paper I 50 marks 150 words Compulsory Explain

Q5

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) Write down the principles involved in Integrated Watershed Management. Briefly discuss the relevance of Integrated Watershed Management under climate change scenario. 10 marks (b) Explain the term irrigation scheduling. Elaborate the criteria IW/CPE ratio of irrigation scheduling along with its merits and demerits. 10 marks (c) Briefly discuss the price instability and its types. Write down the measurements for price instability. 10 marks (d) Give the account of new tools and methods used in agricultural extension. 10 marks (e) It is proposed to give four (4) irrigations to six (6) hectare area of wheat crop. Depth of each irrigation is 60 mm, which will be given with a pump of discharge @ 5 litre/second. Find out the duration (in days) of pump operation to discharge the required quantity of water. 10 marks

हिंदी में प्रश्न पढ़ें

निम्नलिखित में से प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर लगभग 150 शब्दों में दीजिए : (a) एकीकृत जलसंभर (वाटरशेड) प्रबंधन में शामिल सिद्धांतों को लिखिए । जलवायु परिवर्तन परिदृश्य के तहत एकीकृत जलसंभर प्रबंधन की प्रासंगिकता का संक्षेप में वर्णन कीजिए । 10 (b) सिंचाई निर्धारण (इरिगेशन शेड्यूलिंग) शब्द की व्याख्या कीजिए । सिंचाई निर्धारण के आई.डब्लू./सी.पी.ई. (IW/CPE) अनुपात मानदण्ड का उसके गुणों एवं अवगुणों सहित विस्तृत वर्णन करिए । 10 (c) मूल्य अस्थिरता और उसके प्रकारों का संक्षेप में वर्णन कीजिए । मूल्य अस्थिरता के मापदण्ड लिखिए । 10 (d) कृषि प्रसार में नये उपकरण एवं विधियों का विवरण दीजिए । 10 (e) छ: (6) हेक्टेयर प्रक्षेत्र में गेहूं की फसल में चार (4) सिंचाई देने का प्रस्ताव है । प्रत्येक सिंचाई की गहराई 60 मि.मी. है, जिसकी पूर्ति 5 लीटर दिश्चार्ज/सेकंड के पंप से की जायेगी । पानी की आवश्यक मात्रा निकालने के लिये पंप संचालन की अवधि (दिनों में) ज्ञात कीजिए । 10

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Directive word: Explain

This question asks you to explain. The directive word signals the depth of analysis expected, the structure of your answer, and the weight of evidence you must bring.

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How this answer will be evaluated

Approach

This multi-part question requires explaining concepts for (a)-(d) and solving a numerical problem for (e). Allocate approximately 25-30 words per sub-part (150 words total), spending roughly 2-3 minutes on each part. For (a)-(d), define the term first, then elaborate on specific components asked; for (e), show step-by-step calculation with proper unit conversion. Structure each sub-part as: definition → key elements → brief elaboration → conclusion/linkage.

Key points expected

  • (a) IWM principles: multi-disciplinary approach, people's participation, sustainable resource use, integration of land and water management; climate relevance: drought mitigation, carbon sequestration, groundwater recharge under erratic rainfall
  • (b) Irrigation scheduling definition: timing and depth of irrigation to match crop water requirement; IW/CPE ratio: Irrigation Water/Cumulative Pan Evaporation, threshold values (0.6-0.9), merits (simple, field-based) and demerits (ignores soil characteristics, crop stage sensitivity)
  • (c) Price instability types: seasonal (harvest vs. lean), cyclical, spatial, structural; measurements: coefficient of variation (CV), price instability index, moving averages, coefficient of variation of prices (CVP)
  • (d) New extension tools: ICT-based (Kisan Call Centres, mKisan, WhatsApp groups), precision agriculture tools (drones, sensors), participatory methods ( Farmer Field Schools, FPO-based extension), social media, AI/ML applications
  • (e) Calculation: Total water = 6 ha × 4 irrigations × 60 mm = 1440 mm-ha = 14400 m³; Pump discharge = 5 L/s = 0.005 m³/s; Total seconds = 14400/0.005 = 2,880,000 seconds; Days = 2,880,000/(3600×24) = 33.33 days

Evaluation rubric

DimensionWeightMax marksExcellentAveragePoor
Concept correctness25%12.5Precise definitions for IWM principles, irrigation scheduling, price instability types; accurate IW/CPE ratio explanation with correct threshold ranges; correct formula application and unit handling in (e)Broadly correct definitions with minor errors in IW/CPE values or price instability types; calculation with minor arithmetic errorsVague or incorrect definitions; confusion between IW/CPE and other ratios; fundamentally wrong calculation approach in (e)
Quantitative reasoning15%7.5Step-wise calculation in (e) with proper unit conversions (mm to m, L/s to m³/s, seconds to days); correct final answer ~33 days with clear workingCorrect approach but arithmetic errors or missing unit conversions; partial working shownNo calculation shown or completely wrong approach; failure to convert units leading to absurd answers
Indian context examples20%10Cites Indian IWM projects (Sukhomajri, Ralegan Siddhi), mentions PMKSY, references Indian price stabilization schemes (Operation Greens, Price Stabilization Fund), Indian extension initiatives (KVKs, ATMA)Generic mention of Indian schemes without specifics; no concrete examples for IWM or extensionNo Indian context; uses only international examples or completely omits context
Diagram / process15%7.5Mentions need for IWM schematic or watershed boundary diagram; describes IW/CPE ratio as a process curve; sketches mental flowchart for calculation steps in (e)Verbal description of processes without diagrammatic intent; no visual structureNo process description; purely theoretical response without structural flow
Policy / extension angle25%12.5Links IWM to NAPCC and climate adaptation; connects irrigation scheduling to PMKSY/Per Drop More Crop; relates price instability to MSP, eNAM, buffer stock policy; evaluates digital extension under National e-Governance Plan in AgricultureMentions policies superficially without integration; lists schemes without linking to question requirementsNo policy or extension linkage; purely technical/academic response ignoring governance dimensions

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