What mattered in the last day or two — from The Hindu and The Indian Express, written in our own words — then 15 questions in UPSC's formats. +2 for a right answer, −0.67 for a wrong one, 0 for a blank.
During the BRICS Summit in New Delhi, PM Modi and Iranian President Pezeshkian discussed regional stability, emphasizing freedom of navigation and seafarer safety amidst West Asian tensions.
2. Modi-Putin Bilateral: India Urges End to Ukraine War Ahead of BRICS Summit
Prime Minister Modi met Russian President Putin in New Delhi, reiterating India's stance on resolving the Ukraine conflict through dialogue while discussing enhanced bilateral trade and strategic cooperation.
PM Modi reiterated that India is ready to assist in peace efforts to end the Russia-Ukraine war.
Both leaders discussed increasing bilateral trade to $100 billion by 2030 under the Programme for Economic Cooperation 2030.
Putin invited Modi for the 24th India-Russia Annual Summit; dates to be decided via diplomatic consultations.
Key discussion areas included civil nuclear cooperation, critical minerals, energy security, and skilled manpower mobility.
The meeting addressed the impact of Black Sea region conflicts on Indian seafarers and supply chain disruptions.
Key terms
Programme for Economic Cooperation 2030
— A bilateral framework between India and Russia aimed at expanding trade ties and achieving specific economic targets by the year 2030.
Thirukkural
— A classical Tamil text authored by poet-philosopher Thiruvalluvar, presented here in Russian translation as a gesture of cultural diplomacy.
Critical Minerals
— Minerals essential for modern technologies and green energy transitions, identified as a key area for India-Russia collaboration to secure supply chains.
3. India's forex reserves hit record high of $785.7 billion
RBI reported a record weekly surge in forex reserves driven by concessional swap initiatives, reversing earlier declines caused by West Asian conflict and currency pressure.
Forex reserves rose by a record $44.903 billion to a lifetime high of $785.706 billion for the week ended September 4, 2026.
The RBI introduced concessional forex swap initiatives in June 2026, which have generated over $136 billion in new flows.
Foreign currency assets increased by $47.498 billion to $648.168 billion, the largest component of the reserves.
Gold reserves decreased by $2.594 billion to $113.816 billion during the reporting week.
Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) fell by $4 million to $18.806 billion, while the IMF reserve position rose to $4.916 billion.
Key terms
Forex Reserves
— Foreign exchange assets held by the central bank, including foreign currency, gold, SDRs, and IMF reserve position, used to manage currency stability and external obligations.
Concessional Forex Swap
— A financial mechanism where the central bank offers favorable terms for currency swaps to attract inflows and stabilize the domestic currency during periods of depreciation.
Special Drawing Rights (SDRs)
— International reserve assets created by the IMF to supplement member countries' official reserves, valued in a basket of major currencies.
The RBI Governor indicated that the Monetary Policy Committee will evaluate the impact of rising crude oil prices on inflation and growth at its upcoming meeting, while highlighting robust foreign capital inflows via FCNR(B) deposits.
6. Allahabad HC Stays Damage Recovery in Saharanpur Mosque Demolition Case
The Allahabad High Court stayed the recovery of ₹6.41 crore damages imposed on a mosque committee following its demolition, seeking replies from the UP government.
7. India-Canada ties move beyond reset; CEPA and Modi visit planned
Canadian High Commissioner states bilateral relations have progressed past the initial reset phase, with a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) expected to be announced during PM Modi's December visit.
9. India's Road Traffic Fatalities and the Safe System Approach
India faces a disproportionate share of global road deaths despite a small vehicle fleet, prompting calls for a shift from individual responsibility to systemic 'Safe System' governance and stricter enforcement.
India holds 1% of the world's vehicular fleet but accounts for approximately 11% of global road traffic fatalities.
In 2024, two-wheeler riders constituted 46.2% and pedestrians 20.6% of road deaths, highlighting the limits of seat belt enforcement.
Speeding is identified as the dominant recorded violation associated with fatalities, suggesting speed mitigation is more critical than occupant protection alone.
The Supreme Court recently directed the Road Transport Ministry to consider a petition aimed at reducing deaths through habituation of safety measures.
The Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act 2019 introduced mechanisms for road safety, but national data has not yet shown significant improvement.
Key terms
Safe System Approach
— A road safety strategy where governments design roads and systems to assume human error, reducing both the probability and severity of crashes.
Secondary Collisions
— Lethal impacts against a vehicle's interior that occur after the initial crash, often due to non-use of seat belts.
Child Restraint Systems
— Safety devices for children in vehicles, whose patchy use contributes to high vulnerability among young passengers.
India is displaying 37 deep-tech innovations at the BRICS summit to foster global partnerships and advance its chairship theme of resilience and innovation.
11. Yemeni cell uses AI for guided weapons development
Anthropic revealed that a Yemen-based group used its Claude AI to develop guidance software for rockets and missiles, highlighting the dual-use risks of advanced AI in conflict zones.
12. BRICS Summit: Dispelling the Anti-West Narrative
India's BRICS presidency aims to reframe the bloc as a platform for global order democratization rather than an anti-Western alliance, highlighting diverse member interests.
13. Karnataka HC Refers Andar Bahar Skill vs Chance Debate to Larger Bench
A Karnataka High Court judge has referred the legal classification of the card game 'Andar Bahar' as a game of skill or chance to a larger bench, casting doubt on a 1977 precedent.
Justice Suraj Govindaraj expressed inability to agree with the 1977 Eeranna v State of Karnataka ruling that classified Andar Bahar as a game of skill.
The reference stems from a petition seeking to quash criminal proceedings related to an alleged gambling raid in Mangaluru involving Andar Bahar.
Supreme Court precedents (RMD Chamarbaugwala, K Satyanarayana) establish that for a game to be considered skill, success must depend substantially on skill, not just contain an element of it.
The 1977 judgment relied on the prosecution's failure to prove the nature of the game rather than establishing it definitively as a game of skill.
Under judicial hierarchy, a single-judge bench cannot overrule a coordinate bench decision, necessitating referral to a larger bench.
Key terms
Game of Skill
— A competition where success depends substantially on superior knowledge, training, attention, experience, and adroitness.
Game of Chance
— A game where the outcome is determined primarily by luck or random factors, with chance predominating over skill.
Coordinate Bench
— A bench of judges equal in number to a previous bench; its decisions are binding unless overruled by a larger bench.
The 'My Feed, My Way' initiative is part of Australia's proposed Digital Duty of Care legislation.
Users will be given the choice between an algorithmically personalized feed or a chronological feed based only on followed accounts.
The proposal builds upon the European Union’s Digital Services Act regarding non-profiling-based recommender systems.
Enforcement falls under eSafety, with potential penalties for non-compliant platforms reaching up to A$109.2 million.
Prime Minister Anthony Albanese stated the laws aim to put the onus on providers to ensure safe online environments.
Key terms
Algorithmic Feed
— A content stream curated by AI based on user behavior and predicted engagement rather than chronological order or explicit subscriptions.
Digital Duty of Care
— Proposed legislation requiring digital service providers to take responsibility for creating safe online environments through specific technical standards.
Recommender System
— Software that predicts and suggests content to users based on profiling, interactions, and network analysis to maximize platform engagement.
15. India-Indonesia Coordination on Repatriating Five Rescued Baby Orangutans
Indonesia is preparing technical protocols for the repatriation of five baby orangutans rescued in Odisha, pending Indian judicial clearance and DNA verification.
16. U.S.-Canada Trade Dispute: Strategic Lessons for India
The escalating trade war between the U.S. and Canada, marked by reciprocal tariffs and supply chain disruptions, serves as a cautionary case study for India regarding the fragility of bilateral trade agreements.
U.S. imposed 50% tariffs on Canadian imports, prompting Canada to levy reciprocal tariffs up to 50%.
From September 29, 2026, the U.S. will ban specific Canadian goods including alcoholic spirits, dairy products, and motorcycles.
Canada supplies approximately 70% of oil refined in the American Midwest and 60% of U.S. aluminium.
Malaysia withdrew from its signed trade deal with the U.S., citing that the benefits no longer outweighed the costs of market opening.
India faces ongoing U.S. investigations into forced labour and excess capacity, which could push tariffs beyond the agreed 18% limit.
Key terms
Reciprocal Tariffs
— Tariffs imposed by one country in direct response to similar tariffs levied by another country, often at equivalent rates.
Excess Capacity Investigations
— Trade probes conducted to determine if a country produces more of a good than it can consume domestically, potentially leading to unfair dumping practices.
Economies of Scale
— Cost advantages obtained due to size, output, or scale of operation, allowing for lower per-unit production costs.
With reference to the Assam Compulsory Registration of Muslim Marriages and Divorce Act, 2024, consider the following statements:
1. The Act mandates that all forms of Muslim divorce, including Talaq-e-Hassan, must be registered with a Marriage and Divorce Registrar.
2. Section 17 of the Act provides for an appeal in case the registration of a divorce is refused by the registrar.
3. The Gauhati High Court declared Talaq-e-Hassan unconstitutional while directing its registration under this Act.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Answer: (b)
Statement 1 is correct: The court directed the petitioner to register his divorce under the Act, implying the mandate for registration of valid divorces like Talaq-e-Hassan.
Statement 2 is correct: The text explicitly states that if registration is refused, the petitioner could appeal under Section 17 of the 2024 Act.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The Gauhati High Court upheld the validity of Talaq-e-Hassan, observing it remained a valid form of divorce in India; it did not declare it unconstitutional.
a Statement 3 is incorrect as the court upheld the validity of Talaq-e-Hassan.
c Statement 3 is incorrect as the court upheld the validity of Talaq-e-Hassan.
d Statement 3 is incorrect as the court upheld the validity of Talaq-e-Hassan.
With reference to the Public Premises (Eviction of Unauthorised Occupants) Act, 1971, consider the following statements:
1. The Act empowers authorities to initiate eviction proceedings against unauthorized occupants of public premises.
2. Damages for unauthorized occupation are typically imposed by the High Court during the final hearing of an eviction petition.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Answer: (c)
Statement 1 is correct: The Allahabad High Court case mentions that eviction proceedings were initiated under Section 5 of this Act, confirming its purpose is to remove unauthorized occupants from public land.
Statement 2 is incorrect: In the cited case, damages of ₹6.41 crore were imposed by the Saharanpur City Magistrate, not the High Court. The High Court's role was to stay the recovery of these damages.
a Statement 1 is correct.
b Statement 2 is incorrect because the damages were imposed by a lower authority (City Magistrate), not the High Court.
d Statement 1 is factually correct as per the source text.
With reference to the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between India and Canada, consider the following statements:
1. The current round of negotiations began in March 2026, marking a significant acceleration compared to previous talks that lasted for 12 years without yielding an agreement.
2. The Canadian High Commissioner stated that the CEPA is expected to be announced during Prime Minister Narendra Modi's bilateral visit to Canada in December.
3. Canada is currently ranked as the fourth largest economy in the world, which serves as the primary economic rationale for the urgency of this trade deal.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Answer: (c)
Statement 1 is correct: The text explicitly states that previous discussions lasted 12 years with no result, whereas the new process started in March 2026.
Statement 2 is correct: The High Commissioner confirmed that the CEPA will be announced when PM Modi visits Canada in December.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The text identifies Canada as the ninth biggest economy and India as the fourth biggest.
a Statement 2 is correct but excluded; Statement 3 is incorrect.
b Statement 3 is incorrect.
d Statement 3 is factually incorrect regarding Canada's economic rank.
With reference to the India-Russia bilateral relations discussed during the BRICS Summit 2026, consider the following statements:
1. The two leaders reviewed cooperation under the Programme for Economic Cooperation 2030 and agreed to increase the bilateral trade target to $100 billion by 2030.
2. Prime Minister Modi reiterated that dialogue and diplomacy is the way forward in resolving conflicts, while President Putin invited him for the 24th India-Russia Annual Summit.
3. The External Affairs Ministry stated that the primary focus of the meeting was solely on defence and space cooperation, excluding energy and skill mobility domains.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Answer: (b)
Statement 1 is correct: The release mentions the implementation of the 'Programme for Economic Cooperation 2030' and discussions to increase the bilateral trade target to $100 billion by 2030.
Statement 2 is correct: PM Modi reiterated that 'dialogue and diplomacy was the way forward,' and President Putin invited PM Modi for the '24th India-Russia Annual Summit.'
Statement 3 is incorrect: The External Affairs Ministry noted that progress was reviewed in 'political, economic, defence, energy, space, skill mobility, and people-to-people domains,' not just defence and space.
a Statement 3 is incorrect as the review included multiple domains beyond just defence and space.
c Statement 3 is incorrect.
d Statement 3 is incorrect; it falsely claims the focus was solely on defence and space.
Consider the following statements regarding the economic stature and diplomatic challenges faced by BRICS as described in recent analyses:
1. BRICS currently accounts for half the world’s population, two-fifths of the global economy, and one-fourth of global trade.
2. The United States has threatened tariffs on all BRICS members specifically because they planned to increase intra-BRICS payments and trade, viewing this as a plot against the US dollar.
3. India’s presidency is complicated primarily by internal disagreements among the original five members regarding the war involving Iran.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Answer: (b)
Statement 1 is correct: The text provides these exact figures for BRICS' share of population, economy, and trade.
Statement 2 is correct: The text states President Trump accused BRICS of plotting to overthrow the dollar's domination and threatened tariffs for planning increased intra-BRICS payments/trade.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The text attributes the primary challenge from external pressure (US) and conflicts involving new members (Iran, UAE) or divergent views on Israel, not internal disagreements among the original five members regarding the Iran war.
a Undercounts; statements 1 and 2 are both correct.
c Overcounts; statement 3 is false as the conflict involves new members and external US pressure, not just original five internal issues.
d Incorrect; statements 1 and 2 are clearly supported by the text.
With reference to the 'Safe System' approach in road safety, consider the following statements:
1. It primarily relies on enforcing individual compliance with traffic rules such as wearing seat belts and helmets.
2. It assumes that human error is inevitable and requires governments to design physical environments that compensate for such errors.
3. In India, this approach has been systematically employed by both Union and State governments since the enactment of the Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act 2019.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Answer: (d)
Statement 1 is incorrect: The text states that relying solely on individual responsibility (like seat belt use) addresses only a fraction of mortality; the Safe System approach shifts focus from blaming individuals to designing safer systems.
Statement 2 is correct: The text explicitly defines the approach as requiring governments to 'design roads assuming that not everyone will behave perfectly' and to create environments that 'compensate for human error'.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The text clearly states that 'neither the Union government nor State governments have systematically employed the ‘Safe System’ approach.'
a Statement 1 is incorrect because the Safe System approach moves beyond just individual enforcement.
b Statements 1 and 3 are incorrect.
c Statement 3 is incorrect as the text notes the approach has not been systematically employed.
With reference to the economic integration between the United States and Canada, consider the following statements:
1. The free trade agreement in automobiles and parts was established in 1965, which later widened into a full-fledged free trade agreement in 1989.
2. According to Paul Krugman, Canada supplies 70% of the aluminium used in the United States and nearly all types of lumber for U.S. residential construction.
3. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was expanded from the 1989 agreement approximately five years later.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Answer: (d)
Statement 1 is correct: The text states that free trade in automobiles and parts was established in 1965, widening into a full-fledged FTA in 1989.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The text cites Paul Krugman stating Canada accounts for 70% of oil refined in the American Midwest and supplies 60% of the nation's aluminium, not 70% of aluminium.
Statement 3 is correct: The text notes the 1989 agreement was expanded into NAFTA about five years later.
a Statement 2 contains incorrect figures regarding aluminium supply (60%, not 70%).
b Statement 2 is factually incorrect.
c Statement 2 is factually incorrect based on the source text.
With reference to the 'Bharat Innovates' programme, consider the following statements:
1. It is a flagship programme of the Ministry of Science and Technology designed to accelerate deep-tech startups.
2. The Bharat Innovates Exposition held in Nice, France, was inaugurated under the India-France Year of Innovation 2026.
3. The recent exposition at Bharat Mandapam showcased all 120 ventures that participated in the maiden edition in Nice.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Answer: (d)
Statement 1 is incorrect: Bharat Innovates is a flagship programme of the Ministry of Education (MoE), not the Ministry of Science and Technology.
Statement 2 is correct: The maiden edition in Nice was held under the India-France Year of Innovation 2026 and jointly inaugurated by PM Modi and President Macron.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The exposition at Bharat Mandapam showcased 37 ventures out of the original cohort of 120, not all 120.
a Statements 1 and 3 are incorrect.
b Statement 3 is incorrect regarding the number of ventures showcased.
c Statement 1 is incorrect regarding the ministry.
With reference to the recent report by Anthropic regarding the misuse of its AI model 'Claude', consider the following statements:
1. The threat actors identified were based in northern Yemen and attempted to use the AI for developing guidance software for weapons.
2. The report confirmed that the actors successfully fielded an operational guided missile system using the AI assistance.
3. One of the weapon programs involved a multi-stage ballistic missile with a stated range goal above 2,000 kilometers.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Answer: (d)
Statement 1 is correct: The text states a cell based in northern Yemen used Claude to develop guidance, navigation, and control software.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The text explicitly mentions, "We do not have evidence the actors succeeded in fielding an operational device," although they did test-fire a rocket which failed.
Statement 3 is correct: The text lists one of the programs as a "multi-stage ballistic missile with a stated range goal above 2,000 kilometres."
a Statement 2 is incorrect; the actors' field test appears to have failed.
b Statement 2 is incorrect.
c Statement 2 is incorrect because there was no evidence of success in fielding an operational device.
With reference to the internal dynamics of BRICS regarding their relationship with the Western-led international order, consider the following statements:
1. India and Brazil share a common instinct against transforming the grouping into an explicit anti-Western alliance.
2. China seeks to completely dismantle the US-led global order by exiting Western markets and financial systems.
3. Iran represents the pole closest to direct confrontation with the West within the BRICS spectrum.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Answer: (a)
Statement 1 is correct: The text explicitly states that 'India and Brazil share a strong instinct against turning the grouping into an anti-West alliance' as they seek larger roles within the existing system rather than its overthrow.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The text notes that while China challenges American primacy, it has 'strong economic interdependence with the US; it’s not seeking an exit from the US-led world; it wants to be America's co-equal in shaping it.'
Statement 3 is correct: The text identifies Iran as being 'closest to an anti-Western pole,' where resistance to US power is central to its foreign policy.
b Statement 2 is incorrect because China does not seek to exit the US-led world but aims for co-equality.
c Statement 2 is incorrect due to China's desire for integration/co-equality rather than dismantling via exit.
With reference to the legal distinction between 'games of skill' and 'games of chance' in India, consider the following statements:
1. The Supreme Court has held that competitions where success depends substantially upon skill are protected under Article 19(1)(g) as legitimate business activities.
2. In State of Andhra Pradesh v K Satyanarayana (1968), the Supreme Court ruled that any element of chance in a card game automatically classifies it as gambling.
3. The principle established in Dr K.R Lakshmanan v State of Tamil Nadu (1996) states that if chance predominates over skill, the activity is considered a game of chance.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Answer: (d)
Statement 1 is correct: The text cites State of Bombay v RMD Chamarbaugwala (1957), where the SC held that competitions depending substantially on skill fall outside gambling and are protected under Article 19(1)(g).
Statement 2 is incorrect: In State of Andhra Pradesh v K Satyanarayana (1968), the SC acknowledged an element of chance in rummy but still classified it as a game of skill because it requires memorization and strategy; it did not rule that any chance makes it gambling.
Statement 3 is correct: The text notes that in Dr K.R Lakshmanan v State of Tamil Nadu (1996), the SC defined a game of chance as one where "chance predominates over skill," establishing the 'dominant element' test.
a Statement 1 is correct, so this option is incomplete.
b Statement 2 is incorrect because the SC recognized rummy as a game of skill despite the presence of chance.
With reference to Australia's proposed 'My Feed, My Way' initiative, consider the following statements:
1. It mandates that social media platforms must completely disable algorithmic recommendation systems for all users.
2. It requires platforms to explicitly ask users to choose between a feed based on personalised algorithms or one limited to accounts they follow.
3. The proposal is part of a wider Digital Duty of Care law and builds upon principles similar to the European Union’s Digital Services Act.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Answer: (a)
Statement 1 is incorrect: The proposal does not mandate the complete disabling of algorithms; rather, it gives users the option to reset their feeds by choosing between algorithmic recommendations or posts from followed accounts.
Statement 2 is correct: The text states the initiative would allow users to choose whether their default feed includes personalised content recommended by an algorithm, or only posts from accounts they follow, with platforms required to notify users to make this choice.
Statement 3 is correct: The text identifies 'My Feed, My Way' as part of a wider proposed Digital Duty of Care law and notes it builds on the EU’s Digital Services Act.
b Statement 1 is incorrect.
c Statement 1 is incorrect because the ban is not absolute; user choice is central.
With reference to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), consider the following statements:
1. It is a multilateral treaty that regulates global trade in wild animals and plants to ensure it is legal, sustainable, and traceable.
2. Orangutans are listed under Appendix I of CITES, which prohibits international commercial trade in these species.
3. The repatriation of wildlife rescued in India requires only the administrative approval of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, bypassing judicial procedures.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Answer: (a)
Statement 1 is correct: The text defines CITES as a multilateral treaty regulating global trade to ensure legality, sustainability, and traceability.
Statement 2 is correct: The text explicitly states orangutans are listed under Appendix I, which prohibits trade in endangered species.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The text notes that any decision concerning custody or transfer requires the authorisation of the competent judicial court, not just administrative approval.
b Statement 3 is incorrect because judicial authorisation is required.
c Statement 3 is incorrect.
d Statement 3 is incorrect; Statement 2 is correct.
Consider the following statements regarding the bilateral interactions at the BRICS Summit 2026:
1. PM Modi thanked Iran for its regular, high-level participation in BRICS-related meetings despite challenging circumstances.
2. Russian President Putin proposed an NDB-based investment platform aimed at mobilising private-sector funding to make BRICS economies more competitive.
3. Malaysia was welcomed as a full member state of BRICS during Russia’s 2024 chairmanship.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Answer: (b)
Statement 1 is correct: The MEA release notes PM Modi thanked Iran's President Pezeshkian for regular, high-level participation in BRICS meetings.
Statement 2 is correct: Putin addressed business leaders and mentioned the proposed NDB-based investment platform to mobilise private-sector funding.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The text states Putin welcomed Malaysia’s accession as a partner state (not a full member) during Russia’s 2024 chairmanship.
a Statements 1 and 2 are both correct.
c Statement 3 is incorrect because Malaysia joined as a partner state, not a full member.
Consider the following statements regarding the Reserve Bank of India's Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) and its recent assessment of economic conditions:
1. The MPC is scheduled to reassess growth-inflation dynamics at its next meeting in October 2026, largely driven by rising crude oil prices due to geopolitical tensions.
2. According to the RBI Governor, the government has fully absorbed the shock of rising crude prices without any impact on domestic inflation pass-through.
3. The RBI Governor indicated that risks to the economy exist on both sides, necessitating a watch on persistence, inflation expectations, and generalisation.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Answer: (b)
Statement 1 is correct: The text confirms the MPC will reassess dynamics at its next meeting (scheduled for October 5-7, 2026) amid rising crude oil prices owing to the West Asia crisis.
Statement 2 is incorrect: While the Governor said the government has 'to a great degree' absorbed and cushioned the shock, he explicitly stated that rising crude prices will have an impact, but it depends on how much is passed through. He did not say there was no impact or that the shock was fully absorbed without consequence.
Statement 3 is correct: The Governor stated 'risks are there on both sides' and that the RBI would continue to watch whether there is persistence, inflation expectations, and generalisation.
a Statements 1 and 3 are correct, so 'Only one' is wrong.
c Statement 2 is incorrect because the text acknowledges potential impacts depending on pass-through, rather than claiming full absorption with no impact.
d Statements 1 and 3 are factually supported by the text.
Items are summarised in our own words from The Hindu and The Indian Express; nothing is reproduced from the articles, and each item links to the original. Questions are generated from those releases and re-checked against the source text by a second model before publishing. If one looks wrong, use Feedback — every report is read.
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