Anthropology

UPSC Anthropology 2021

All 16 questions from the 2021 Civil Services Mains Anthropology paper across 2 papers — 800 marks in total. Each question comes with a detailed evaluation rubric, directive word analysis, and model answer points.

16Questions
800Total marks
2Papers
2021Exam year

Paper I

8 questions · 400 marks
Q1
50M 150w Compulsory write short notes Anthropological theories and methods

Write notes on the following in about 150 words each: (a) Animism and Deep Ecology (10 marks) (b) Marriage Regulations and Alliance Theory (10 marks) (c) Historical Particularism…

Q2
50M discuss Human evolution and anthropological theory

(a) What are the physical and cultural characteristics of Homo erectus? Discuss its phylogenetic status. (20 marks) (b) Elucidate the concept of "thick description" of Clifford Ge…

Q3
50M explain Political anthropology and evolution

(a) How do political organisations of simple societies establish power, authority and legitimacy? (20 marks) (b) Explain the genetic mechanisms of micro and macro evolution. (15 m…

Q4
50M elaborate Scope of anthropology and linguistic anthropology

(a) Elaborate the scope of anthropology and elucidate its uniqueness in the field of other social sciences. (20 marks) (b) Mention the major branches of linguistic anthropology an…

Q5
50M 150w Compulsory write short notes Biological anthropology and social organization

Write notes on the following in about 150 words each: (a) Human adolescent growth spurt (10 marks) (b) The losses and gains of erect posture (10 marks) (c) Is race a valid and bio…

Q6
50M discuss Human adaptation and kinship

(a) What is acclimatization? Discuss adaptive responses to high altitude and cold climate. (20 marks) (b) How are the cases of disputed paternity solved? Discuss the recent techni…

Q7
50M critically evaluate Social stratification and anthropometry

(a) Critically evaluate different types of social stratifications with suitable examples. (20 marks) (b) Discuss the bio-social determinants of fertility and fecundity. (15 marks)…

Q8
50M discuss Research methods and kinship theory

(a) Discuss various tools of data collection in conducting anthropological research. (20 marks) (b) Discuss the physiological and evolutionary theories of aging. (15 marks) (c) Ex…

Paper II

8 questions · 400 marks
Q1
50M 150w Compulsory write short notes Indian anthropology concepts and institutions

Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each: (a) Purushartha and righteous living today (10 marks) (b) Relevance of tribe-caste continuum (10 marks) (c) Harappan se…

Q2
50M critically discuss Archaeology and physical anthropology

(a) Critically discuss the origin of Indus Valley Civilization. Mention the evidences of its endogenous origin from the pre-Harappan sites. (20 marks) (b) Give the distribution an…

Q3
50M explain Tribal anthropology and religion

(a) Explain the impact of the concept of nature-man-spirit complex on sustainable use of natural resources with suitable examples. (20 marks) (b) Examine the contributions of S. C…

Q4
50M discuss Indian anthropology and tribal development

(a) Discuss the contributions of N. K. Bose in understanding tribal communities and their place in Indian civilization. (20 marks) (b) Discuss the role of Panchayati Raj Instituti…

Q5
50M 150w Compulsory write short notes Contemporary tribal issues and concepts

Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each: (a) Urbanization and tribal institutions (10 marks) (b) Ethnic media and social awareness (10 marks) (c) Cultural diver…

Q6
50M discuss Tribal rights and development issues

(a) Discuss the impact of the Forest Rights Act (2006) on the livelihood and culture of tribal people in India. (20 marks) (b) Examine the factors responsible for malnutrition in…

Q7
50M explain Tribal displacement and empowerment

(a) Explain the impact of successive Land Acquisition Acts on tribal social organization. (20 marks) (b) Discuss the problems involved in rehabilitation and resettlement of tribal…

Q8
50M examine Social change and tribal issues in India

(a) Examine how structural transformation in economy is affecting traditional social relationships in agrarian society. (20 marks) (b) Delineate the constitutional safeguard for r…

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