UPSC Botany 2021

Answer the following in about 150 words each: (a) Describe the structure and functions of cyphellae and cephalodia in lichens. (b) What are prions? How are these different from vi…

(a) Explain conjugation and transformation in bacteria. Write a brief note on their significance. (20 marks) (b) Explain evolution of sex in algae with suitable examples. (20 mark…

(a) Discuss about the names of causal organisms, symptoms, disease cycle and management of loose smut of wheat. What are the differences between rust and smut fungi? (20 marks) (b…

(a) Explain with the help of schematic diagrams haplontic, diplontic, isomorphic, heteromorphic and triphasic types of life cycles in algae. Give an example of each type. (20 mark…

Answer the following in about 150 words each: (a) Enumerate different kinds of trichomes and explain their taxonomic importance. (b) Discuss the advanced features of Asteraceae an…

(a) Describe the development of female gametophyte in angiosperms with the help of suitable illustrations. (20 marks) (b) Give the botanical name, part used and ethnomedicinal imp…

(a) Describe the economic botany of fibre and gum yielding plants (five species each). (20 marks) (b) Discuss the factors affecting somatic embryogenesis. (20 marks) (c) Describe…

(a) Compare and contrast 'preservation' and 'conservation' of plants. Explain the importance of both in the utilization and management of plant resources. (20 marks) (b) Describe…

Write short notes on the following : 10×5=50 (a) Cell adhesion molecules 10 (b) Ribosomal RNA processing in nucleolus 10 (c) Genetic consequences of Inversion 10 (d) Gene silencin…

(a) Describe types and composition of chromatin. How is DNA packaged in a eukaryotic cell ? 10+10=20 (b) Explain coupling and repulsion hypothesis in linkage. Give a brief account…

(a) Describe properties of genetic code and briefly explain Wobble hypothesis. 15+5=20 (b) What are the characteristic features of Cytoplasmic inheritance ? Describe the role of c…

(a) Describe various methods of gene transfer in plants. 20 (b) Give an account of Operon model for regulation of gene activity. 15 (c) Explain the process of cell signalling high…

Write short notes on the following : 10×5=50 (a) Alkaloids and their significance 10 (b) Role of growth substances in agri-horticulture 10 (c) Plant indicators 10 (d) Invasive spe…

(a) Describe C₄ cycle of photosynthesis and differentiate amongst C₃, C₄ and CAM plants. 10+10=20 (b) Define Vernalization. Discuss its mechanism and importance. 5+10=15 (c) What…

(a) What is unique of Indian plant biodiversity ? Discuss briefly the threats and various conservation strategies. 5+15=20 (b) What is social forestry ? Explain its types and bene…

(a) What are the different types and causes of seed dormancy ? Describe various methods used to overcome it. Is it an ecological adaptation ? Explain. 10+5+5=20 (b) Describe the c…