UPSC Botany 2022

Answer the following in about 150 words each : 10×5=50 (a) What is mycoplasma? Describe its types and importance in plant pathogenesis. 2+8=10 (b) Describe the ultrastructure of e…

(a) What is brown spot disease of rice? Describe its causal organism, symptoms, disease cycle and its control. How does this disease damage the rural agroeconomy of India? 2+15+3=…

(a) What is dikaryotization in fungi? Describe different methods of dikaryotization in basidiomycetes. How does dikaryotization in ascomycetes differ from basidiomycetes? 5+10+5=2…

(a) What are the characteristic features of the family Orchidaceae? How did the classification systems of Bentham and Hooker (1862), Engler and Prantl (1931) and Hutchinson (1959)…

Answer the following in about 150 words each : 10×5=50 (a) Mention the role of embryo rescue in interspecific hybridization. (b) Explain 'cybridization'. Write one example of econ…

(a) Write a detailed account of homospory, anisospory, incipient heterospory and heterospory. Elaborate on the evolution from homospory to heterospory in relation to geological ti…

(a) Write the uses, botanical name, family and morphology of useful parts of the following plants : 20 (i) Cloves (ii) Saffron (iii) Nutmeg (iv) Date palm (v) Pineapple (b) Discus…

(a) Describe the protocol involved in rooting and acclimatization of plants produced using in vitro culture. Elaborate on the various problems and solutions associated with this t…

Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each: (a) Semi-autonomous cell organelles (10 marks) (b) Multiple factor hypothesis (10 marks) (c) Structure and functions of…

(a) Discuss the different processes by which solute moves across cell membrane. (10+10=20 marks) (b) What are B-chromosomes ? Describe their significance. (10+5=15 marks) (c) In a…

(a) What is organic evolution ? Highlight the mechanisms governing organic evolution. (5+10=15 marks) (b) Explain the phenomenon of incomplete dominance and its significance. (10+…

(a) How male sterility helps in heterosis breeding ? Discuss the application of barnase-barstar system in achieving heterosis. (10+10=20 marks) (b) Describe the steps in DNA seque…

Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each: (a) Symptoms of mineral deficiencies (10 marks) (b) RAPD PCR – strength, weakness and application. (10 marks) (c) Photo…

(a) Differentiate between enzymes and coenzymes and describe their mechanisms of action. (10+10=20 marks) (b) Define secondary metabolites. Discuss the importance of secondary met…

(a) Describe the key goals of the convention on Biological Diversity. What steps have been taken in India to implement the provisions of CBD ? (15+5=20 marks) (b) Discuss the sequ…

(a) Define the terms photoperiodism and florigen. Describe the mechanism of response in short day and long day plants giving suitable examples. (20 marks) (b) Explain how the diff…