UPSC Botany 2024

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) How are viruses classified based on their symmetry? With a suitable diagram, explain the structure of T4 phage. 3+7=10…

(a) Describe the five distinct stages in the life cycle of Puccinia graminis with suitable diagrams. 20 (b) With suitable examples, bring out the industrial uses of microorganisms…

(a) Enumerate the beneficial and harmful effects of algae. Add a note on their commercial cultivation. 10+5+5=20 (b) Draw the life cycles of a homosporous and a heterosporous pter…

(a) Describe the male and female gametophytes of Pinus. How are the processes of pollination and fertilization accomplished in Pinus? 15+5=20 (b) Illustrate the plant body of Psil…

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) What are the consequences of domestication of plants? Explain. 10 (b) Describe how successive cambia cause thickening o…

(a) Describe different types of endosperm development in angiosperms. What is the significance of aleurone tissue? Mention the function of endosperm in seed. 14+4+2=20 (b) Explain…

(a) Write an explanatory account of ethnobotany. Give a critical account of whether ethnobotany is a faith, myth or science. 20 (b) Compare the differentiation of xylem and phloem…

(a) Basal media, growth regulators, sterilization and culture conditions are essential components of plant tissue culture techniques. Write an explanatory note on each of these co…

Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each : 10×5=50 (a) Explain the types of variations found in the structure of chromosomes and discuss their importance and sig…

(a) Explain briefly the process and importance of the following : 5+5+5=15 (i) Male sterility and heterosis breeding. 5 (ii) Molecular basis of cell cycle. 5 (iii) Gene silencing.…

(a) Describe along with illustrated diagrams the structure and function of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. 8+7=15 (b)(i) Explain with example how male sterility is related…

(a) Discuss briefly the following and comment on their significance : 10+5+5=20 (i) In what way the transfer of genes in plants help in their sustainable development ? Support the…

Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each : 10×5=50 (a) Explain what is secondary active transport. Discuss its importance in ion acquisition in plants. 10 (b) Di…

(a) Explain the compartmentation of biochemical reactions in photorespiration. Comment upon the significance of the process. 15+5=20 (b) Describe the structure of phytochrome. Exp…

(a) Define leaf senescence. Describe important physiological and biochemical changes taking place during this process. Comment upon the regulation of senescence by phytohormones.…

(a)(i) What are allosteric enzymes ? Explain in detail on the allosteric enzyme modulation. 8 (a)(ii) Describe the process of gluconeogenesis and its significance. 7 (b) What is e…