Law

UPSC Law 2022

All 16 questions from the 2022 Civil Services Mains Law paper across 2 papers — 800 marks in total. Each question comes with a detailed evaluation rubric, directive word analysis, and model answer points.

16Questions
800Total marks
2Papers
2022Exam year

Paper I

8 questions · 400 marks
Q1
50M 150w Compulsory discuss Constitutional law and administrative law

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) 'Absolute equality may itself be a cause of inequality.' In the light of this statement, discuss substantive equality.…

Q2
50M discuss Constitutional amendment, fundamental rights and directive principles

(a) "Amending power does not extend to damaging or destroying the basic structure or framework of our Constitution." Discuss. (20 marks) (b) Discuss the application of fundamental…

Q3
50M explain Governor, delegated legislation and emergency provisions

(a) Can the constitutional head of the State be truly described as the nerve-centre of the federal system? Explain in the light of powers and duties of the Governor. (20 marks) (b…

Q4
50M explain Separation of powers, administrative tribunals and natural justice

(a) In the Parliamentary system, though there is no separation between the legislature and the executive in terms of personnel, there is separation of functions between the two. E…

Q5
50M 150w Compulsory distinguish International law - nature, recognition, asylum and dispute settlement

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) Keeping in view the growth of International Law in the contemporary era, do you think the classical definition of Inter…

Q6
50M critically examine International law and municipal law, state succession and nationality

(a) Critically examine various theories relating to the relationship between International Law and Municipal Law. (20 marks) (b) Elaborate various theories of State succession. (1…

Q7
50M describe UN General Assembly, treaty law and right of self-defence

(a) Describe the various powers and functions of the General Assembly. (20 marks) (b) Explain the maxim "Pacta Tertiis Nec Nocent Nec Prosunt" with relevant case laws. (15 marks)…

Q8
50M explain Aircraft hijacking convention, WTO decision-making and international humanitarian law

(a) When is an aircraft considered to be 'in flight' for the purposes of the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft? Delineate the obligations the said con…

Paper II

8 questions · 400 marks
Q1
50M 150w Compulsory explain Criminal law and tort law fundamentals

Answer the following in about 150 words each. Support your answers with relevant legal provisions and judicial pronouncements : 10×5=50 (a) "The existence of mens rea along with c…

Q2
50M explain State liability and criminal law principles

(a) The 'State Liability' under the Law of Tort has undergone metamorphosis. Explain with the help of case laws. (20 marks) (b) "The provisions of Section 149 of the IPC, 1860 rel…

Q3
50M discuss Criminal law - unlawful assembly, defamation and rape

(a) What do you understand by an 'unlawful assembly'? Discuss the circumstances when a lawful assembly becomes unlawful. Support your answer with suitable illustrations. (20 marks…

Q4
50M summarize Attempt to suicide, consumer protection and tortious liability

(a) Summarize the law relating to 'attempt to suicide' in India. How far the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017 added new dimensions to the law of attempt to suicide in India? (20 marks)…

Q5
50M 150w Compulsory elucidate Contract law and commercial laws

Answer the following in about 150 words each. Support your answers with relevant legal provisions and judicial pronouncements : 10×5=50 (a) "All the contracts are agreements, but…

Q6
50M elucidate Suretyship, competition law and emergency arbitration

(a) "The liability of a surety is coextensive with principal debtor, unless it is otherwise provided by the contract." Elucidate the statement by narrating the circumstances under…

Q7
50M state Contract frustration, IT Act and consideration

(a) State the circumstances of supervening impossibility and frustration of contract in the light of the decided cases. (20 marks) (b) "The Information Technology Act, 2000 aimed…

Q8
50M discuss Agency, time as essence of contract and patent law

(a) What are the essentials of an agency? How is an agency created and terminated under the Indian Contract Act, 1872? (20 marks) (b) "Time is an essence of the contract." What ar…

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