UPSC History 2025

Identify the following places marked on the map supplied to you and write a short note of about 30 words on each of them in your Question-cum-Answer Booklet. Locational hints for…

(a) "The Chalcolithic people were experts in microliths and were also skilful workers in stone." Elucidate. (15 marks) (b) "The Harappans were not an artistic people." Comment. (1…

(a) "The origin of the territorial republics has been traced to the reaction against the pattern of life that evolved in the later Vedic period." Analyse. (15 marks) (b) How far d…

(a) "The dynamics of social mobility in early medieval India were shaped by a complex interplay of caste hierarchies, religious legitimation, economic transformation and political…

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) "Religious themes inspired a large section of literature in provincial languages in late medieval India." Comment. (10…

(a) Discuss the structural features of Todar Mal's revenue system and evaluate its effectiveness in standardized land revenue assessment in India. (15 marks) (b) Barani's "Fatwa-i…

(a) Portuguese maritime power disrupted the character of trade in the Indian Ocean in the 16th century. Review. (15 marks) (b) Akbar's Rajput policy was shaped by considerations o…

(a) "Aurangzeb's religious policy was a reflection of the changed political realities of the Mughal Empire." Elucidate. (15 marks) (b) Define the rise of distinct provincial archi…

Critically examine the following statements in about 150 words each: (a) "The Sikh monarchy was Napoleonic in the suddenness of its rise, the brilliancy of its success and the com…

(a) Do you agree that the idea of permanent fixation of land revenue of 1793 in Bengal was highly influenced by the Physiocratic school of thinking? Discuss. (20 marks) (b) "The t…

(a) "During the Carnatic Wars, the French position, which at one time dazzled the Indian world by its political successes, was destined to end in humiliation and failure." Explain…

(a) "The tensions between cultural revivalism and modernization shaped the trajectory of the socio-religious reform movements in 19th century India." Discuss. (20 marks) (b) In wh…

Critically examine the following statements in about 150 words each: (a) "The French Revolution started and led to the victory in its first phase by the aristocracy." (10 marks) (…

(a) "Nationalism in the 19th century was a driving force for both integration and disintegration." Illustrate with examples from Europe and other parts of the world. (20 marks) (b…

(a) "By the time of 1932 elections, Germany's ruling classes began to feel that the only way to escape from a deep economic crisis was to hand over political power to a totalitari…

(a) Why did the non-communist Vietnamese leaders fail to provide successful leadership for Indo-China's anti-colonial struggle? Discuss. (20 marks) (b) To what extent did the conc…