Sociology

UPSC Sociology 2021

All 16 questions from the 2021 Civil Services Mains Sociology paper across 2 papers — 800 marks in total. Each question comes with a detailed evaluation rubric, directive word analysis, and model answer points.

16Questions
800Total marks
2Papers
2021Exam year

Paper I

8 questions · 400 marks
Q1
50M 150w Compulsory comment Sociological theories and research methods

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each : 10×5=50 (a) Europe was the first and the only place where modernity emerged. Comment. 10 (b) Do you think ethnomethodology…

Q2
50M explain Sociology as a discipline and epistemology

(a) From the viewpoint of growing importance of multidisciplarity, how do you relate sociology to other social sciences ? 20 (b) How far are sociologists justified in using positi…

Q3
50M critically examine Research methods and classical sociological theory

(a) How do qualitative and quantitative methods supplement each other in sociological enquiry ? 20 (b) Critically examine the dialectics involved in each mode of production as pro…

Q4
50M explain Social mobility, work organisation and deviance

(a) Explain the concept of social mobility. Describe with suitable illustrations how education and social mobility are related to each other. 20 (b) How has the idea of 'Work From…

Q5
50M 150w Compulsory critically examine Gender, religion, elites and social change

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each : 10×5=50 (a) Explain the emerging challenges in establishing gender equality in the informal sector. 10 (b) Critically exam…

Q6
50M elucidate Migrant labour, political sociology and religious revivalism

(a) Elucidate the main problems and challenges faced by the migrant labourers in the recent 'Lockdown period'. 20 (b) Explain how political parties and pressure groups are dialect…

Q7
50M explain Patriarchy, dependency theory and ethnicity

(a) Explain how the pattern of patriarchy is being altered in a family and at the workplace in the present context. 20 (b) Critically examine the contribution of dependency theori…

Q8
50M discuss Kinship, science and technology, and civil society

(a) Discuss the changing nature of kinship relations in the contemporary world. 20 (b) Describe the role of Science and Technology in enabling us to face the challenges triggered…

Paper II

8 questions · 400 marks
Q1
50M 150w Compulsory discuss Indian society - caste, kinship, village studies

Write short answers, with a sociological perspective, of the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) Caste system studies in India have been dominated by the "book-view"…

Q2
50M discuss Identity politics, social stratification and class

(a) What is identity politics ? Discuss the main trends in Dalit movements in India. (20 marks) (b) Is Indian society moving from "Hierarchy" towards "differentiation" ? Illustrat…

Q3
50M discuss Modernization, rural unrest and urban family

(a) Discuss in detail the major contribution of Prof. Yogendra Singh in theorizing India's modernization. (20 marks) (b) Examine the factors responsible for the rural unrest in co…

Q4
50M discuss Migration, tribal studies and untouchability

(a) What are the sociological reasons and implication of "reverse migration" during the recent pandemic in India ? (20 marks) (b) Discuss the main features of the debate between G…

Q5
50M 150w Compulsory analyse Development planning, rural development and regionalism

Write short answers, with sociological perspective, of the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) Analyze the idea of developmental planning in India. (10 marks) (b) Com…

Q6
50M explain Education policy, ageing and gender issues

(a) Explain the sociological significance of the New Education Policy and its thrust on vocationalization and skill development. (20 marks) (b) Is 'ageing' an emerging issue in In…

Q7
50M critically analyse Development and displacement, ethnocentrism and democracy

(a) The problem of displacement is inherent in the idea of development. Analyze the statement critically. (20 marks) (b) Rising 'ethnocentricism' is leading to conflict in our soc…

Q8
50M discuss Social media, urbanization and women empowerment

(a) Discuss the role of social media in communal polarisation. Suggest ways to combat it. (20 marks) (b) Urban settlements in India tend to replicate its rural caste-kinship impri…

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