UPSC Geology 2021

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) Explain what is ring of fire? How many plates and geographic areas are associated with ring of fire? (10 marks) (b) Wha…

(a) What are lithospheric plates? Discuss the theory of plate tectonics. Which plates were involved when a major earthquake caused tsunami in Indian Ocean in 2004? (20 marks) (b)…

(a) What are the fundamental concepts used in Geomorphological studies? Explain the concept "little of the earth's topography is older than Tertiary and most of it no older than P…

(a) What are hanging wall and footwall of a fault? Describe the different classes of faults based on relative movement of walls. (20 marks) (b) (i) What are atmospheric windows in…

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) What are megafossils? Give names of any three age-diagnostic megafossils indicating their significance in Indian strati…

(a) Discuss the evolutionary trends in the lineage of equidae and give any two examples of their Indian occurrences. (20 marks) (b) Describe Cenozoic stratigraphy of Kuchh basin.…

(a) Describe stratigraphy and depositional environment of Gondwana Supergroup and discuss why only certain intervals of Gondwana succession are rich in coal seam? (20 marks) (b) W…

(a) Give a brief account of sources of groundwater pollution in India and discuss the management of groundwater resources. (20 marks) (b) What are microfossils? Discuss the applic…

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) How does one designate mirror plane, rotational axes of symmetry and centre of symmetry in Hermann-Mauguin notation? A…

(a) Give the classification scheme of silicate minerals on the basis of atomic structure, Si : O ratio and number of shared oxygen. Give suitable examples of each class. (20 marks…

(a) Discuss briefly the processes of magma generation in the Earth's interior. How is grain size of an igneous rock related to the rate of cooling of magma? Discuss the role of fr…

(a) What is provenance? How can we use clastic quartz, feldspars and lithic grains in provenance interpretation of sandstones? (20 marks) (b) Define a 'sedimentary facies model'.…

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) Lead (Pb) mineralization zone is drawn in the given diagram with nomenclature. The related data is also provided in the…

(a) Give the modern classification of mineral deposits and explain in brief the residual and mechanical concentration deposits with suitable examples. (20 marks) (b) Stating the p…

(a) State the characteristic features of cosmic abundance of elements. What are the bases of estimation of cosmic abundance of elements? (20 marks) (b) Discuss briefly with exampl…

(a) How is unscientific development of catchments situated in mountainous regions responsible for increased threat of floods in plains? (10 marks) (b) Describe various types of ra…