UPSC Medical Science 2026

(a) Describe the hip joint under the following headings : (i) Factors responsible for its stability (ii) Arterial supply of upper end of femur along with mechanism of avascular ne…

(a) A 32-year-old male is brought to the emergency department following a road traffic accident. His clinical examination shows that his arm is adducted and medially rotated, elbo…

(a) (i) 1. Name the ligaments of ovary and their role in ovarian torsion and its complications. 2. Explain the surgical importance of anatomical relations of structures in ovarian…

(a) (i) Describe the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow from site of production to its absorption. Write a note on the mechanism of its absorption. (5 marks) (ii) A 62-year-old hypert…

(a) (i) State the therapeutic indications, drug interactions and side effects of Methotrexate. (5 marks) (ii) State the therapeutic indications, drug interactions and side effects…

(a) (i) Define inflammation. Describe the cardinal features of acute inflammation. (10 marks) (ii) Describe the pathogenesis of secondary tuberculosis. Enumerate five microscopic…

(a) (i) Classify neurotoxic poisons. Discuss in brief the clinical features, treatment and postmortem findings in acute poisoning by 'opiates'. (10 marks) (ii) Write a brief note…

(a) (i) 1. Enumerate five agents of malaria in humans. 2. Describe in brief rapid diagnostic test (RDT) used for malaria and its advantages. 3. Mention the vaccine available for m…

(a) Discuss the various sputum-based tests for the diagnosis of tuberculosis under the National Programme in India, along with their advantages and disadvantages. (10 marks) (b) D…

(a) A 20-year-old medical student presents with fever, dry cough, and right-sided chest pain. She also has loss of weight and loss of appetite. The chest X-ray shows right-sided p…

(a) An 18-year-old girl presents with episodic breathlessness, cough with sputum, chest tightness and wheezing for the last 4 years. She also complains of recurrent sneezing and n…

(a) A 45-year-old hepatitis-C positive patient presents with icterus, oliguria, abdominal distention and blood in stools. Discuss the investigations and management of this patient…

(a) Enumerate the causes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in an adult. Discuss the management of actively bleeding haemorrhoids. (10 marks) (b) Briefly discuss the life cycle of…

(a) (i) Describe the causes of occipito-posterior position and different modes of delivery in the occipito-posterior position. (ii) Define ‘Deep Transverse Arrest’ and enumerate t…

(a) Describe the various complications of acute pancreatitis. Discuss the role of surgery in acute pancreatitis. (20 marks) (b) Under the National Rural Health Mission, explain th…

(a) (i) What are the main objectives and key strategies of the National Strategic Plan (NSP) for Tuberculosis Elimination in India ? (ii) Explain the significance of the “Pradhan…