UPSC Sociology 2026

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each : (a) In what ways do class and caste intersect and overlap in shaping social structure ? (10 marks) (b) Critically examine…

(a) Describe the impact of capitalist mode of production on society. (20 marks) (b) Differentiate between social hierarchy and social exclusion and substantiate your answer with r…

(a) Discuss the relationship between religion and science in modern society. Do they necessarily remain in conflict ? (20 marks) (b) Is ‘interpretativism’ more effective than ‘pos…

(a) Elaborate major sociological theories of power. How do power elite shape the political process in modern societies ? (20 marks) (b) Evaluate the socio-economic impacts of migr…

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each : (a) The major challenge for sociology researchers is to analyze social reality objectively. Critically analyze. (10 marks)…

(a) Discuss the intellectual origins of sociology and the historical antecedents of its evolution as a distinct field of study. (20 marks) (b) Critically analyse the mode of produ…

(a) Compare and critically assess 'the grounded theory' with 'theory-driven research method' in sociology. (20 marks) (b) According to Weber how do class, status and power interac…

(a) How are the concepts of nation, state and citizenship interrelated in a democracy ? Elaborate. (20 marks) (b) Critically evaluate the relevance of the cyclical theory of socia…

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each : (a) In what respect is M. N. Srinivas' study of Indian village society based on structural and functional perspective? Ana…

(a) Indological approach, advocated by G. S. Ghurye, focuses on the study of Indian society through Indian texts. How can Indological approach be useful in the study of other soci…

(a) Examine the challenges of applying micro-level village studies to macro-level village structure of Indian society. (20 marks) (b) Explain the emergence of middle class in agra…

(a) How does the Constitution of India promote education? Do you think that education can be a major instrument of social change? Clarify. (20 marks) (b) Draw the current populati…

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each : (a) Discuss the challenges faced by the aged people in receiving ‘elder care’. (10 marks) (b) Examine the transiting socia…

(a) Differentiate between protests and movements. Discuss some of those movements which changed the fabric of Indian agrarian society during the colonial period. (20 marks) (b) Sy…

(a) Urbanisation in Independent India has been characterized by over-urbanization and rural push. Explain with demographic and sociological dimensions. (20 marks) (b) Give a socio…

(a) How has colonial rule transformed Indian society? If it (Indian society) had not undergone colonial rule, then what type of Indian society would have been there? Elaborate. (2…